Birds of Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras , state of Mato Grosso , Brazil : additions and review

We present an inventory, followed by a consolidated list, for the avifauna of Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras (EESA), state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. In our expeditions, we identified 287 species, 82% of them documented. Of these, 28 species are new records for EESA. Six are threatened, such as Lophornis gouldii (Lesson, 1832). Other noteworthy records include the first documentation of Oxyruncus cristatus Swainson, 1821, for Mato Grosso. The consolidated list includes 458 species, of which 255 were assigned to the primary list and 203 to the secondary list. The significant number of species compiled herein places EESA among the most species-rich protected areas of Brazil, especially in regard to areas not predominantly covered by forest. In terms of species composition, this is a community typical of an ecotone environment, featuring many species characteristic of the Cerrado and the Amazon and some of the Pantanal wetland.


Introduction
The Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras (EESA) is a protected area, created by decree 87.222 of 1982, in southwestern Mato Grosso state, Brazil.Due to its location in an area bordering Bolivia, it is highlighted in the international context (Brazil 2016a).The main objective of the EESA is to preserve nature in accordance with Federal Law 9.985 of 2000, which establishes criteria and norms for the creation, implementation and management of protected areas in Brazil.Among the benefits of its creation according to Hassler (2005), can be highlighted as follows: biodiversity and ecological processes conservation, maintenance of water resources, improvement in air quality, water and soil.
With regard to avifauna, EESA has had 5 studies so far.Silva and Oniki (1988), Willis and Oniki (1990), Oniki and Willis (1999) and Oniki and Oliveira (2002) present data collected in expeditions undertaken from 1986 to 1988, while Valadão (2012) presents data collected in 2006 and 2007 that also make up the EESA management plan (Brazil 2016a).These works provide relevant information on the occurrence of several species in the region, including many noteworthy records, especially of Columbina cyanopis (Pelzeln, 1870), one of the rarest birds in the world (Silva andOniki 1988, Valadão 2012).
Although the avifauna of EESA is relatively well known, the making of a new inventory 10 years after the last one allows an historical evaluation of the bird community and adds relevant information to the ongoing understanding of ecological patterns and distribution of the species involved.We aim to present an up-to-date inventory of the bird species that occur in EESA, followed by a compilation and review of the bird records for the EESA, as until now this protected area lacked a consolidated list based on standardized criteria.

Methods
Study area.The EESA is a 28,700 ha protected area mostly situated in Porto Estrela Municipality and, to a lesser degree, in Cáceres Municipality, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.It is located in the geomorphological unit of Província Serrana, a corridor of parallel mountain in the Cerrado in transition with the Pantanal wetland and Amazon (Brazil 2016a).The climate is considered Aw in the Köppen classification, with annual rainfall around 1500 mm and maximum and minimum average temperatures around 32 °C and 20 °C, respectively (Kottek et al. 2006).EESA presents high environmental heterogeneity, including savanna, forest and grassland formations (Brazil 2016a).To cover a greater number of EESA habitats, we concentrated the bird survey in 4 sampling areas, A, B, C and D (Fig. 1).
Area A: central region of the Salobra river valley, where the EESA headquarters are located (15°39′10.96″S, 057°12′52.54″W) (Fig. 2A).It consists of a vegetation mosaic comprising semideciduous seasonal forest with areas dominated by Attalea speciosa Mart.Ex Spreng, the savanna-like cerrado sensu stricto (Fig. 2b), riparian forest and a small human-altered area surrounding the EESA headquarters.The area is under the influence of the Camarinha and Salobinha rivers.The elevation is around 225 m, with no great variation.
Area B: region situated on the upper eastern part that forms the Salobra River valley and includes Cabeceira do Teófilo (15°39′15″ S, 057°09′57″ W) and Cachoeira da Andorinha (15°41′05.05″S, 057°12′30″ W).Predominant vegetation is cerrado sensu stricto (Fig. 2C); open cerrado, small areas of cerrado rupestre (a type of cerrado that grows on rocky terrain), riparian forest and lower montane forest formations are also present.The elevation ranges from 500 to 650 m, with the higher parts located on the eastern part of EESA.Around Cachoeira da Andorinha lies the EESA's largest area of campo limpo (open grassland) (Fig. 2D).The region also harbors areas of cerrado rupestre, campo sujo (grassland with shrubs and scattered small trees) and open cerrado.The elevation ranges from 750 to 860 m.
Data collection and analysis.Additions.We call additions the contributions resulting from our field sampling (in situ).All fieldwork was conducted under the proper permits: Sistema de Autorização e Informação em Biodiversidade/Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (54984-1), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres (4156/1) and Comitê de Ética em Pesquisas com Animais da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (009/2016).
We collected data from October 2016 to September 2017.We identified bird species by sight and sound, using 10 × 40 binoculars, photo cameras, a digital audio recorder and specialized literature such as Sick (1997) and del Hoyo et al. (2017).Whenever possible, we documented bird species with photographs and audio recordings, which were archived on Xeno-canto (https://www.xenocanto.org),Wikiaves (http://www.wikiaves.com.br) and Macaulay Library (https://www.macaulaylibrary.org).We also collected some specimens and deposited them in the ornithological collection of Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT).
Transect: in Area A, we set up a 3.5 km trail running across cerrado sensu stricto, riparian forest and semideciduous seasonal forest habitats.This trail was sampled 38 times throughout the year, 19 in the dry season and 19 in the wet season.Each sampling lasted on average 3 hours, amounting to a total effort of about 110 hours.We considered as records all the specimens detected at a distance of up to about 50 m from the observer.
MacKinnon lists: in Areas B, C and D we surveyed the birds by making MacKinnon lists with 10 species, walking along pre-existing trails in the morning, afternoon and occasionally at night.Total number of lists obtained for each area was 32, 36 and 42, respectively.We defined frequency of species occurrence (FO) as the number of samples where a given species was recorded divided by the total number of samples, according to D 'Angelo Neto et al. (1998).We also included randomly recorded species when putting together the species list.
Birds of Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras: review.This review and compilation work aims to generate a standardized list and increase the credibility of the EESA species list, according to the guidelines laid down by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee (Piacentini et al. 2015).We combined the results of our inventory for EESA with occurrence records from the literature (Silva and Oniki 1988, Willis and Oniki 1990, Oniki and Oliveira 2002, Valadão 2012) and 2 species mentioned exclusively in the management plan (Brazil 2016a).We did not include the species cited in Oniki and Willis (1999), as record localities were imprecise.We also searched for documented records in scientific collections (UFMT, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia) and in the databases Wikiaves, Xeno-canto and Macaulay Library (accessed in March 2018).Each species listed was then assessed and assigned to 1 of 3 different lists: Primary list: includes species with occurrence records in EESA with at least one documented evidence item, in the form of either a complete or a partial specimen, a photograph or a sound recording.Documented evidence must provide a trustworthy diagnosis of the taxon in question and be available for reassessment.
Secondary list: includes species with occurrence records at EESA for which documented evidence is unknown or unavailable.These species were considered of "probable occurrence" at the EESA, based on currently known distribution and dispersal patterns.
Tertiary list: includes species with occurrence records at EESA for which evidence is questionable, invalid or non-existent, and whose occurrence at the EESA seems improbable in the light of current knowledge.These species were excluded from the consolidated list.
The consolidated list is thus composed of species from the primary and secondary lists.Presentation of the evidence of records listed for EESA was based on Carlos et al. (2010) and used: "Indication of Occurrence" for species recorded in the field but not documented, either in our field inventory or in inventories available in the literature; "A-level documentation" for species with specimens deposited in scientific collections; "B-level documentation" for species documented with photographs or audio recordings.Species conservation status follows the executive summary of the Brazil Red Book of Threatened Species of Fauna (Brazil 2016b) at the national level and the Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2017) at the global level.For Cerrado endemics, we followed Silva (1995), Cavalcanti (1999), Sick (1997) and Silva and Bates (2002).For taxonomic classification, we followed Piacentini et al. (2015).

Results
Additions.During the in situ sampling, we recorded a total of 287 bird species, 270 through systematic sampling and 17 through random observations.Out of them, 236 (82% of the total) are documented in this article with vouchers.Systematically, richness for area A equaled 195 species, with 186 recorded during the transect and 79 captured with mist nets.For areas B, C and D, 114, 128 and 111 species were recorded with the MacKinnon lists, respectively (Table 2).
Of the species we recorded, 28 are new records for EESA.We found 4 Near Threatened species and 6 Vulnerable species and recorded 6 species endemic to Cerrado.Below, we present accounts for these species, as well as some noteworthy records.

New records for Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras
Agamia agami (Gmelin, 1789) Figure 3A We recorded a single individual in September 2016, foraging along the Camarinha River, near the EESA headquarters, in Area A. It was readily identified by its multicolored plumage, according to Sick (1997).

Cathartes melambrotus Wetmore, 1964
We recorded this species soaring on thermal currents over a semideciduous seasonal forest.Identified by black primaries contrasting with grayish secondaries and by the typical silhouette.

Harpagus bidentatus (Latham, 1790) Figure 3B
We recorded the species twice, the first time randomly in January 2017, as the bird soared on a thermal above the EESA headquarters, and the second in February 2017, when an individual was perched on a tree canopy.Both times the species was identified by the grayish top and sides of head, rufous breast, belly and thighs barred with white and bipartite stripe on throat (Sick 1997).

Harpagus diodon (Temminck, 1823)
We recorded this species in September 2016, ascending on a thermal, in Area A. Identified by its rufous thighs and upper wing coverts and light gray breast, which differentiates it from H. bidentatus.
Accipiter superciliosus (Linnaeus, 1766) Figure 3C Our first contact with this species was random, on the border of a seasonal forest near EESA headquarters in October 2016.During the transects we had 2 more contacts, in February and August 2017.The species was identified in the field by its relatively short tail, slate gray upper parts, and white underparts and thighs thickly barred with narrow buffish stripes (Sick 1997).

Coccyzus euleri Cabanis, 1873 Figure 3D
We recorded the species in December 2016, on the border of a semideciduous seasonal forest, while it moved on the upper middle level of the canopy.Identified in the field by the uniform earth-brown upperparts, light pearly-gray below, whitish belly and long tail.No rufous primaries, which are evident in its congener Coccyzus americanus (Payne 2018).

Lurocalis semitorquatus (Gmelin, 1789)
We recorded the species by voice, in March 2017, on the border of a semideciduous seasonal forest.

Cypseloides senex (Temminck, 1826)
We recorded the species systematically in February and March 2017 (Area A) and in August 2017 (Area B).During the rest of the study, we made additional random contacts with this species.On many occasions, groups of individuals (> 40) were recorded in flight.Identified in the field by its whitish head contrasting with the rest of the body, a characteristic not seen in its congener Cypseloides fumigatus (Streubel, 1848), according to Sick (1997).
Lophornis gouldii (Lesson, 1832) Figure 3E We recorded this species systematically in July 2017 in Area A, at an altitude of 230 m, on the border of a riparian forest.Readily identified by its white lateral tufts with shining green extremities, according to Züchner and Boesman (2018a) and longer than the ones found in Lophornis magnificus (Vieillot, 1817) (Züchner and Boesman 2018b).

Hylocharis cyanus (Vieillot, 1818)
We recorded this species by voice several times in a semideciduous seasonal forest during the transects (FO = 0.74), and also captured an individual, identified by its violet-blue head, neck and chest, white chin and blacktipped red bill (Sick 1997).

Ramphastos tucanus Linnaeus 1758
We recorded the subspecies Ramphastos t. cuvieri Wagler (1827) in October 2016 randomly, by voice.The bird was in a riparian forest in Area A.

Veniliornis affinis (Swainson, 1821)
We recorded this species twice, in January and August 2017, in the riparian forest in Area A. Two additional contacts took place in deciduous seasonal forests, in Area D. In one case, the contact was documented by audio recording.

Celeus torquatus (Boddaert, 1783) Figure 3F
We recorded the subspecies Celeus torquatus occidentalis (Hargitt, 1889) randomly in August 2016, in Area A. Other contacts were made systematically during the transects, in July and September 2017.The species was identified in the field by its caramel-colored head, black foreneck and chest, chestnut mantle with black barring and whitish belly with coarse black markings (Sick 1997).The male has a broad red band on the malar region (Winkler et al. 2018).In some cases, the species was identified solely by voice.

Primolius auricollis (Cassin, 1853)
We recorded a flock flying overhead in December 2016, without being able to obtain a voucher specimen.The species was readily identified by the yellow collar on the lower hindneck and pale-yellow naked face (Sick 1997).

Thamnophilus schistaceus d'Orbigny, 1835
We recorded this species systematically in Area D, on a patch of semideciduous seasonal forest in August 2017.Identified by voice while vocalizing in mid-level vegetation.

Thamnophilus aethiops Sclater, 1858 Figure 3G
We recorded this species in Area A, in January and August 2017 in semideciduous seasonal forest.We also recorded 2 individuals in Area D, in August.At all times the species was first identified by voice.

Thamnophilus amazonicus Sclater, 1858 Figure 3H
We first recorded this species by voice in riparian forest in February 2017.We later recorded it in March, June and July of the same year.We collected 2 specimens with mist nets and deposited them at UFMT under catalog numbers 4159 and 4176.
Chiroxiphia pareola (Linnaeus, 1766) Figure 4A We first recorded this species by several sound contacts in December 2016 and January, February and March 2017 in semideciduous seasonal forest.We also captured a female and deposited it at UFMT under catalog number 4181.According to the geographical distribution given by BirdLife International and the Handbook of the Birds of the World (2016), records for C. pareola at EESA extend the species' known geographical range.

Gymnoderus foetidus (Linnaeus, 1758)
We recorded the species systematically in September 2017, while 1 individual flew over a riparian forest.The species was identified by its black plumage, throat wattles and blue bare skin on the sides of the neck (Sick 1997).

Tolmomyias assimilis (Pelzeln, 1868)
We recorded this species in semideciduous seasonal forest in Area A in February, March, April and May 2017.We also recorded it in Area D, the northern part of the EESA.At all times, it was identified by voice.According to the geographical distribution given by BirdLife International and the Handbook of the Birds of the World (2016), records for T. assimilis at EESA extend the species' known geographical range.

Tolmomyias flaviventris (Wied, 1831) Figure 4B
We recorded the species on several occasions.A relatively common bird at EESA, with over 50% frequency of occurrence in Area A. A specimen was collected and deposited at UFMT under catalog number 4184.

Myiornis ecaudatus (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)
We recorded this species in area D by voice while the individual vocalized in a tree canopy.

Hemitriccus minor (Snethlage, 1907)
We first recorded this species in May 2016 in Area A, in semideciduous seasonal forest.We had several other contacts with the species in August in Area D, where it is more frequent.Identified most times by voice.According to the geographical distribution given by BirdLife International and the Handbook of the Birds of the World (2016), records for H. minor at EESA extend the species' known geographical range.

Ornithion inerme Hartlaub, 1853
We recorded the species once in March and twice in August 2017 in semideciduous seasonal forest and border areas.Identified by voice at all times.According to the geographical distribution given by BirdLife International and the Handbook of the Birds of the World (2016), records for O. inerme at EESA extend the species' known geographical range.

Rhytipterna simplex (Lichtenstein, 1823)
We recorded the species in April, May, June, July, August and September 2017.It was present in 26% of the repetitions in transect A. We readily identified it by voice at all times.In the EESA it is more often heard than seen.
Vireo olivaceus (Linnaeus, 1766) Figure 5A We captured 3 specimens with mist nets, 1 in November 2016 and 2 in January 2017.Identified by the elongated wings and the red iris.One individual was collected and deposited at UFMT under catalog number 4158.This is a Nearctic migrant that winters at EESA.

Turdus hauxwelli Lawrence, 1869 Figure 4C
We recorded this species 18 times in the Area A transects, with additional contacts in Area C. Identification was always made by this species' typical call, the surest means of field identification, given the great similarity between T. hauxwelli and T. fumigatus.Some specimens were captured with mist nets.Two specimens were collected and deposited under catalog numbers 4157 and 4163 at UFMT, where the skins were identified through comparison.

Lanio cristatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
We recorded a male of this species in semideciduous seasonal forest, but could not obtain a voucher specimen.Nevertheless, the individual was readily identified for its black plumage with yellowish buff throat and scarlet crown, as described in Sick (1997).

Rhea americana (Linnaeus, 1758)
We recorded the species in an open area under influence of a rural zone, in Area C. Readily identified by its gray mantle forming a dorsal humpback and enveloping the whole body, except for the rear, which is white and lacks a tail (Sick 1997).

Odontophorus gujanensis (Gmelin, 1789) Figure 5B
We recorded the species in riparian forest and semideciduous seasonal forest, mostly near water bodies.Most times identified by voice.The species has reddish brown belly and bare orange eyering, which distinguishes it from its congener O. capoeira (Sick 1997).

Spizaetus ornatus (Daudin, 1800) Figure 5C
We recorded the species in Area A, associated with forest or natural border areas.We also made 1 record in Area B. The species was identified mostly by voice.Sometimes the identification was visual, by its short, rounded wings and exceptionally long tail, legs and claws.Heavily plumed legs and a crest frequently erect at the top of the head (Sick 1997).
Neothraupis fasciata (Lichtenstein, 1823) Figure 5D We recorded the species in cerrado areas, generally at altitudes above 500 m, many times in mixed flocks with Saltatricula atricollis (Vieillot, 1817).Identified by gray upper parts, black mask, and black wing-coverts with white band; white throat and belly, gray breast (Sick 1997).

Tinamus tao Temminck, 1815 Figure 5E
All records of this species were associated with riparian and seasonal forests.Identified by the bluish slate-gray back and light lead-gray belly (Sick 1997).The species is currently classified as Vulnerable at the national (Brazil 2016b) and global (IUCN 2017) levels.

Crax fasciolata Spix, 1825
We recorded the species mostly in forest environments.The male has black plumage with white belly.The tip of the tail is white, distinguishing it from its congeners (Sick 1997).Currently classified as Vulnerable at the global level (IUCN 2017).

Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (Latham, 1790)
We recorded the species once, flying overhead.Identified by the dark blue plumage and yellow eyering, eyelid and strip at base of mandible (Sick 1997).Classified as Vulnerable at the global level (IUCN 2017).

Hypocnemis ochrogyna Zimmer, 1932 Figure 5F
We recorded this species in Areas A and D, always in forest environments.In the EESA area, it replaces geographically its congeners of the Hypocnemis cantator complex.Identified most times by its song.Classified as Vulnerable at the national level (Brazil 2016b).

Herpsilochmus longirostris Pelzeln, 1868
We recorded this species at the border of a gallery forest, by voice.

Melanopareia torquata (Wied, 1831) Figure 5G
We recorded the species in cerrado areas, generally at altitudes above 500 m.Identified by the black collar on the throat, white eyebrow and black sides of the head (Sick 1997).

Antilophia galeata (Lichtenstein, 1823)
We recorded the species in riparian forest areas, mostly by voice.One female was collected and deposited at UFMT under catalog number 4172.

Cyanocorax cristatellus (Temminck, 1823)
We recorded the species in cerrado areas, generally at altitudes above 500 m.Identified by its long wings and relatively short tail with dark violet-blue mantle and white belly and distal two-thirds of tail.Unmistakable due to long frontal crest, separated from the crown (Sick 1997), in addition to its distinctive call.

Cypsnagra hirundinacea (Lesson, 1831)
We recorded the species in cerrado areas, generally at altitudes above 500 m.Identified by black upper parts, with 2 white bands on wings and white rump.Whitish underparts, rufous throat (Sick 1997) and distinctive song.

Oxyruncus cristatus Swainson, 1821 Figure 6
We recorded this species 3 times: once in a transition area from semideciduous seasonal forest to cerrado stricto sensu in Area A, and 2 in a seasonal forest dominated by Attalea speciosa in Area D. The individuals were readily identified by their olive green color, red iris and yellowish underparts with black spots (Brooke 2018).The photo we present in this article is the first photographic record for the species in Mato Grosso, as we ascertained after an exhaustive search in the literature, ornithological collections and virtual databanks.

Elaenia chilensis Hellmayr, 1927 Figure 4E
We captured 2 individuals, on 19 and 21 October 2016, respectively.They were collected and deposited at UFMT under catalog numbers 4170 and 4166, and identified through comparison with other specimens from the collection.Elaenia chilensis is an Austral migrant, with scarce documented records for the state of Mato Grosso.The information presented herein may contribute to understand the species' distribution and migration patterns and fill some of the existing knowledge gaps.

Catharus fuscescens (Stephens, 1817) Figure 5H
We recorded this species in riparian and semideciduous seasonal forests, where it tends to be very discreet.Identified by rufous brown upperparts, white throat and belly, and yellowish breast.Sides of neck covered with brownish spotting (Sick 1997).One specimen was captured with mist net and deposited at UFMT under catalog number 4161.In Brazil, it is a seasonal visitor from the northern hemisphere (Piacentini et al. 2015).

Birds of Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras: review
With the review of the bird occurrence records for EESA, we compiled a total of 458 species for the consolidated list, distributed over 27 orders and 69 families.Of these, 255 were assigned to the primary list and 203 to the secondary list (Table 3).On the tertiary list we included 7 species and 1 taxon identified only at the genus level (Table 4).
The following records placed on the secondary list deserve special attention due to their questionable nature:

Columbina cyanopis (Pelzeln, 1870)
Listed by Silva and Oniki (1988) and Valadão (2012).An extremely rare species.Occurrence records of C. cyanopis at EESA are based on 3 non-documented contacts.The first 2, presented by Silva and Oniki (1988), took place on 19 and 24 January 1986.The bird was identified by the distinct chestnut head and the blue markings on the wings.The third record (Valadão 2012) took place in campo rupestre, in March 2007.However, the species is mentioned in this context due to the absence of documented evidence for these 3 records and the many unsuccessful campaigns recently carried out in the region to document the species (Save Brazil 2010, Save Brazil 2011, Valadão 2012 and this article).

Cypseloides fumigatus (Streubel, 1848)
Listed by Silva and Oniki (1988) and Valadão (2012).A taxon difficult to identify, scarce in the region and which may be confused with Cypseloides senex.Cypseloides senex was recorded by us several times and does not feature in the lists by Willis and Oniki (1990) and Valadão (2012).We stress that at times we have come across individuals of genus Cypseloides without being able to identify them at the species level, so it is possible that both species occur at EESA.

Turdus fumigatus Lichtenstein, 1823
Listed by Willis and Oniki (1990) and Valadão (2012).Scarce in the region and similar to its congener T. hauxwelli.During our expeditions, we recorded T. hauxwelli several times and collected 2 skins.Since T. hauxwelli is not listed by Willis and Oniki (1990) or Valadão (2012), the documentation of T. fumigatus for EESA, especially for specimens collected, becomes essential.
Obtaining documented evidence for the species described above should be a priority in future studies at EESA.We also stress the importance of documenting other hitherto undocumented taxa whose presence in the EESA and in the southwest portion of the state of Mato Grosso is relevant due to their distribution pattern, irradiation and conservation: Electron platyrhynchum (Leadbeater, 1829), Microrhopias quixensis (Cornalia, 1849)

Discussion
In evaluating the richness of birds reported to EESA, it is observed a higher number of species recorded in relation to several areas of the Cerrado (see Valadão 2012), as well as several other protected areas in Brazil (Motta-Junior et al. 2008, Cavarzere et al. 2009, Aleixo and Guilherme 2010), with methodological reservations.Its expressive number of species places EESA among the richest protected areas in terms of bird species in Brazil (Pacheco et al. 2007, Pinheiro and Dornas 2009, Somenzari et al. 2011), especially in terms of areas not primarily covered by forest.This richness becomes even more significant when we consider the reduced size of the EESA, less than 30,000 ha.
This high bird species richness observed in EESA is associated with habitat diversity (Valadão 2012) as well as the integrity of the area.These habitats compose a mosaic comprising campo, savanna and forest areas inserted in an ecotone between Cerrado, the Amazon and the Pantanal wetland.Other studies done in ecotone areas have also evidenced high bird richness (Silveira and D'Horta 2002, Pinheiro and Dornas 2009, Somenzari et al. 2011, Lopes et al. 2016).
EESA' location, in the Upper Paraguay River, between the Plate River and the Amazon River basins, in addition to the multiple contacts between the riparian forest and other vegetation formations, favors an intense mix of avifaunal elements (Silva and Oniki 1988).Although located in the Cerrado, EESA displays a strong Amazonian influence on the bird composition in forest areas, be them riparian, lower montane, seasonal semideciduous or seasonal deciduous.Some Amazonian species, like Myrmophylax atrothorax, and Tangara mexicana (Linnaeus, 1766), have been recorded in EESA since the first studies done in the area.Others, like Thamnophilus amazonicus and Chiroxiphia pareola, first recorded in our survey, suggest some recent Table 3. Consolidated list of birds recorded at Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.Sources: 1 Silva and Oniki (1988); 2 Willis and Oniki (1990); 3 Oniki and Oliveira (2002);4 Valadão (2012); 5 this study; mp = mentioned exclusively in the management plan (Brazil 2016a); IO = Indication of Occurrence (species not documented); AD = A-level documentation (species with specimens deposited in scientific collections); BD = B-level documentation (species documented with photographs or audio recordings); VU* = Vulnerable (Brazil 2016b); EN* = Endangered (Brazil 2016b); CR* = Critically Endangered (Brazil 2016b); NT = Near Threatened (IUCN 2017); VU = Vulnerable (IUCN 2017); EN = Endangered (IUCN 2017); CE = Cerrado endemic.Secondary list species in brackets.Voucher numbers given in text, Table 2 and Appendix Table A1.Table 4. Tertiary list including birds recorded at Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras with no documented evidence, imprecise identification or locality, and of improbable occurrence in the area.
Epinecrophylla haematonota (Sclater, 1857): Listed by Valadão (2012).Record outside taxon's known geographical range.Even considering the taxonomic revision of the haematonota complex, no taxon of this group is likely to occur at EESA, see Whitney et al. (2013).
with altered areas, like Gnorimopsar chopi and Furnarius rufus, do not occur in this area today, due to the environmental changes brought about by the creation of the protected area.According to Pinheiro and Durigan (2009), anthropic pressure precludes some campo and savanna vegetation from reaching the edaphoclimatic climax of highest phytomass.Cessation of agricultural activities, as well as protection against wild fires, enable a gradual evolution from open formations to denser ones, resulting in a considerable increase in carbon stock.However, some species typical of cerrado lost their habitats with the increasing density of the vegetation in some areas of EESA, where forest species were favored.Similar results were observed in state of São Paulo by Willis (2006).For example, S. atricollis, C. hirundinacea (Silva and Oniki 1988, Willis and Oniki 1990, Valadão 2012) and N. fasciata (Silva andOniki 1988, Valadão 2012), previously recorded in area A, were not detected there in the course of our inventory.
We also highlight the presence of birds typical of rural areas (Vitorino et al. 2018), observed in the southernmost part of the EESA, due to territorial overlapping with a private property.Expansion of agriculture in this region may compromise important habitats, like the areas of open cerrado above 700 m and environments with rock outcrops present in this region.
As for species previously recorded at EESA but absent from our survey, we highlight Columbina cyanopis, included in the secondary list.In all, documented records for this species are extremely rare, which underscores the importance of the reports at EESA even if undocumented.Only 8 preserved specimens are known: 5 specimens were collected in the Cuiabá region, state of Mato Grosso, from 1823 to 1825; another was collected in state of São Paulo in 1904 and 2 others in state of Goiás in 1940-1941(Baptista et al. 2018).In 2015, a new population was discovered in state of Minas Gerais (Bessa 2016 oral presentation).Our sampling effort during the expeditions at EESA in an attempt to record this species is not sufficient to infer that it does not occur in the area.We also point out that during our searches, we still did not know the voice of the species, which was released in early 2018.We thus encourage new expeditions aimed at detecting and documenting its presence at EESA.
We also call attention to the high number of species included in the secondary list.Until our inventory, documenting the species found in EESA was not a priority, which compromises somewhat the robustness of our results.We suggest that the next studies carried out in the EESA give special attention to species documentation, for future updates of the consolidated list, using the same criteria adopted herein.We underscore that, from a biogeographical standpoint, EESA is situated in a very interesting area, since it constitutes the distributional limit for several Amazonian species and some taxa of south-central Brazil.
In regard to significant documentation obtained by us at EESA, we mention the rare species Oxyruncus cris-tatus, previously recorded by Willis and Oniki (1990) and Valadão (2012).According to Brooke (2018), this species has an extremely disjunct distribution, occurring in parts of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil.Gaps in the knowledge of its ecology and systematics persist, stemming from the difficulty of observing it in the field.This species is considered data deficient in Brazil (Pacheco at al 2007).Considering the numerous records for O. cristatus at EESA, we consider that the region has great potential as a site for ecological and taxonomic studies of this species.
In short, we state that EESA harbors a bird community typical of an ecotone area, especially with regard to Amazonian and Cerrado species.The species that make up this community are distributed among the various protected habitats within the EESA.A noteworthy number of Threatened and Near Threatened species are present, which depend both on forest and savanna formations, in addition to several endemic and rare species.The information presented in this paper highlights the importance of EESA for the conservation of birds in southwest of the state of Mato Grosso.In this way, we stress the importance of expanding EESA, to ensure, in addition to a more efficient protection, also the inclusion of other habitats present in the Província Serrana.

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Record for Oxyruncus cristatus at Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras.First documented record of the species for the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.(Photo: BDV).

Table 1 .
Predominant phytophysiognomies of the plots sampled with mist nets at Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil and respective geographical coordinates.

Table 2 .
(Brazil 2016b recorded at Estação Ecológica da Serra das Araras, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil from October 2016 to September 2017.VU* = Vulnerable(Brazil 2016b); VU = Vulnerable (IUCN 2016); NT = Near Threatened; CE = cerrado endemic; (FO) = frequency of species occurrence for area (T, based on transect method and M, based on capture with mist nets method).Species without FO information were recorded randomly.Catalog numbers in Voice and Photo columns are hyperlinked to the the online databases: Xeno-canto, WikiAves, or Macaulay Library.