First record of Mansoa minensis M . M . Silva-Castro ( Bignoniaceae , Bignonieae ) in Espírito Santo , Brazil

Mansoa minensis M.M.Silva-Castro is reported for the first time for the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. We provide an updated description, comparisons with closely related species, and suggest a revised conservation status for this species. We also present an identification key for all species of Mansoa that occur in Espírito Santo.


Introduction
The family Bignoniaceae comprises about 840 species (Olmstead et al. 2009).Although the family has a pantropical distribution, most of its species diversity is concentrated in the Neotropics (ca.78% of the species, Gentry 1980).In this family, Bignonieae is the largest tribe with 21 genera and 393 species (Lohmann and Taylor 2014).From a phylogenetic point of view, the tribe Bignonieae and several of its genera seem to be monophyletic (Lohmann 2006).
Mansoa is a Neotropical genus comprising 16 species and occurs from Mexico to Argentina (Silva-Castro and Queiroz 2016).Morphologically, Mansoa is characterized by the lianescent habit, garlic or onion odor, leaflets with venation acrodromous imperfect, (supra) basal, trifid tendrils, and corolla usually pink to purple.The genus is widely distributed in Brazil in all vegetation types including rainforests, seasonal semideciduous forests, and savanna formations (Silva-Castro and Queiroz 2016), and all species occur in Brazil but M. gentryi M.M. Silva, which is endemic to Peru.As already stated by several authors (e.g., Gentry 1991, Udulutsch et al. 2010), the lianescent life form is usually neglected in most botanical surveys, which leads to the lack of herbarium collections and basic information about the ecology and geographical distribution of the species is uncertain.
During a floristic survey in the main forest fragments near to CVRD Reserve (Linhares, ES, Brazil), we found a new record of Mansoa from Espírito Santo state: M. minensis M.M.Silva-Castro, which was known only from Minas Gerais state.

Methods
The species was identified by consulting the protologue and specific literature on the genus (Silva-Castro 2010, Silva-Castro and Queiroz 2016), morphological analy-ses of herbarium specimens, and comparison to type specimen images as well.The collected and examined specimens were deposited at CVRD and HASSI herbaria.Only fully developed structures were used for the morphological description.Terms used to describe twodimensional shapes follow Hickey (1973), those used to describe indumentum are according to Payne (1978).Inflorescence type is according to Weberling (1989).

Mansoa minensis
In several herbaria, this species is often identified as Mansoa hirsuta DC. due to the strong garlic smell.However, M. hirsuta has calyx with 2-3 lobes and ovary with 2 series of ovules per locule (versus calyx with 5 lobes and ovary with 4 series of ovules per locule in M. minensis).Morphologically, M. minensis is similar to M. ivanii M.M. Silva, as both species have calyx with 5 lobes.However, M. minensis has corolla with lobes acuminate at the apex, included stamens and garlic smell (versus corolla with lobes slightly emarginate and mucronate at the apex, subexserted stamens, and onion smell, Silva-Castro and Queiroz 2016).

Discussion
Mansoa minensis was previously known from a few areas of semideciduous seasonal forest in Minas Gerais (Silva-Castro and Queiroz 2016) and is now known from Espírito Santo (Fig. 2).We found this species with flowers in September.
In the protologue, M. minensis is ranked as Least Concern, because this species was known to occur within a conservation unit.Although the discovery of M. minensis in Espírito Santo meaningfully extends the eastern range of this species by ca 200 km, this species is believed to be rare and restricted, as it is known from only a few herbarium collections.
The population of M. minensis was reported in 5 severely fragmented localities, with EOO (extent of occurrence) estimated as 500 km 2 and AOO (area of occupancy) estimated as 20 km 2 .Anthropic activities can endanger this population, especially outside the conservation units, where livestock and agriculture are expanding.Therefore, following IUCN criteria (IUCN 2012(IUCN , 2014)), M. minensis should be considered as Endangered (B2a, B2b).

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Map showing the current distribution of Mansoa minensis in the states of Minas Gerais (triangles) and Espírito Santo (circle), Brazil.