A checklist of Pimplinae ( Hymenoptera , Ichneumonidae ) from the Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus in São Paulo state , with new records of Neotheronia Krieger , 1899 from Brazil

We provide a list of the Pimplinae from the Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, São Paulo state, Brazil. A total of 286 specimens belonging to 17 species in 10 genera were collected from December 2002 to May 2004. Pimpla and Neotheronia were the most abundant genera with 45% and 10% specimens respectively. Fourteen species of Pimplinae were recorded for the first time from São Paulo state and 3 of them, Neotheronia charli, N. cherfasi and N. lizzae, were recorded for the first time from Brazil. We also provide diagnosis and images of the species.

There are 25 genera and 93 species of Pimplinae recorded for Brazil (Fernandes et al. 2015).Most of the data from Brazil are from checklists for the states of Paraná and Minas Gerais (Kumagai & Graf 2000, 2002, Kumagai 2002, Tanque & Frieiro-Costa 2011).Thus, there is still a gap in the knowledge of this group in the country that needs to be filled.
Among the Neotropical Pimplinae, Neotheronia is the most species-rich genus, with 72 species currently known for this region (Yu et al. 2012) and with 20 of these recorded from Brazil (Fernandes et al. 2015).
Members of this genus are mainly idiobiont parasitoids of lepidopteran prepupae or pupae and hyperparasitoids of icneumonids and tachinids (Diptera) (Gauld et al. 1998).All Neotheronia species differ from the other pimplines by the presence of the weakly to strongly tapered, untwisted, subequally bidentate mandible; a forewing with 3rs-m complete; hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu1 complete, joinig cu-a much closer to M than to 1A, and propodeum with a strong apical transverse carina (Gauld 1991).
This study provides a list the species of Pimplinae from Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, with records of Neotheronia charli Gauld, 1991, N. cherfasi Gauld, 1991and N. lizzae Gauld, 1991 for the first time from Brazil.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was carried out in Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus (EEC) (Fig. 1).The EEC is 2,178.84ha and located between the municipalities of Gália and Alvinlândia, state of São Paulo, Brazil, 22°20ʹ S to 22°30ʹ S, 049°40ʹ W to 049°45ʹ W. The EEC protects one of the last remnants of the originally continuous Atlantic Forest (Seasonal Semideciduous Forest) in western São Paulo state (Tabanez et al. 2005).
The samples were taken weekly using 2 Malaise traps (MT) from December 2002 to May 2004.The traps were installed about 300 and 500 m away from the EEC headquarters, on the Z1 and J2 trails, respectively.The distance between the traps was 200 m.
Species of Pimplinae were identified using taxonomic keys and original descriptions of Gauld (1991) and Gauld et al. (1998).The digital images were taken using a Leica DFC295 digital camera attached to a Leica M205C stereomicroscope, combined with a Leica Application Suite V4.1 software.The map was made using SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010).The specimens studied were deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of National Institute of Amazon Researches (INPA).
Comments.This species can be distinguished from the other Clistopyga species by the combination of the following characters: 1) wing hyaline; 2) mesosoma generally ferruginous with yellowish and blackish marks; 3) metasoma dark ferruginous with tergites I-V laterally black with distal margin centrally white; 4) malar space about 0.9 times as long as basal mandibular width; 5) occipital carina complete, raised, forming a dorsomedial flange; 5) ovipositor sheaths about 2.4 times as long as hind tibia; 6) ovipositor upcurved at distal 0.6 (Graf 1985).
Material.Brazil, São Paulo, Gália, Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, Trilha J2, 05-12.vii.2003,MT (J.F.Nunes col.), 1 ♂, INPA-HYM 031402.Total: 1 ♂.(Fabricius, 1804) Comments.This species can be distinguished from the other Neotheronia species by the combination of the following characters: 1) head yellow with a black stripe joining the lateral ocellus and eyes, a black area around ocelli and with a black stripe extending back to form a broad band on occiput; 2) forewing with a black spot near the apex; 3) occipital carina mediodorsally distinctly notched; 4) pronotum with upper end of epomia quite strong, about 0.5 times the length of the basal mandibular width; 5) propodeum with lateral longitudinal carina in front of transverse carina present; 6) propodeum with a black marks on anterior margin and a medial stripe running from transverse carina to the posterior margin; 7) ovipositor 1.4-1.5 times the length of hind tibia (Gauld 1991).

DISCUSSION
Our checklist includes 286 sampled of pimplines belonging to 10 genera and 29 species (17 identified to species and 12 undetermined morphospecies).The number of pimplines identified to species corresponded to approximatly 86% of all pimplines sampled.Pimpla was the genus with the largest number of individuals (149), followed by Neotheronia (69), totalizing 52% and 24%, respectively, of all of Pimplinae collected.Neotheronia was the most species-rich (7), while only 3 Pimpla species were found.
The number of individuals collected was greater than that reported in Kumagai and Graf (2000) and Tanque & Frieiro-Costa (2011), (208 and 100 individuals collected, respectively), but lower than Kumagai (2002) and Kumagai & Graf (2002), (306 and 620 individuals, respectively).Regarding the number of genera, all works mentioned above obtained more genera than our study (12 or 13 genera).
We obtained 12 morphospecies (14% of all pimplines collected).This is due to the taxonomic difficulty of the group, the lack of specialists, the absence of modern comprehensive taxonomic works, and the difficulty in examining the type species or vouchers deposited in national and international collections.Below we insert the morphospecies and add comments to them.

Calliephialtes sp.: Figure 2O
This specimen closely resembles C. ferrugineus Cushman, 1940 mainly in coloration and the length ovipositor (5.6 times as long as hind tibia), but differs from it by having: 1) malar space about 0.4 times as broad as high medially (0.1 in C. ferrugineus); 2) metasomal tergite I about 1.8 times as long as posteriorly broad (1.2-1.3 in C. ferrugineus).

Neotheronia sp. 1
This specimen closely resembles N. murilloi Gauld, 1991, mainly in coloration, but differs from it in having: 1) epomia with upper end 0.3 times the length of basal mandibular width (0.5 in N. murilloi); 2) third segment of hind tarsus 2.0 times as long as broad (2.3-2.6 in N. murilloi).

Neotheronia sp. 2.
This specimen resembles N. cyrusi Gauld, 1991, in coloration and in having propodeum long, with transverse carina well behind centre and submetapleural plate transverse, but differs from it in having: 1) lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.5 times its own maximum diameter (1.2-1.3 in N. cyrusi); 2) epomia 0.5 times the length of basal mandibular width (0.8 in N. cyrusi).

Neotheronia sp. 3
This specimen resembles N. lloydi Gauld, 1991, in having metasoma pale yellowish, tergite I with lateromedian longitudinal carinae strong, almost reaching to posterior margin, close and parallel to posterior 0.4, and ovipositor very short, not projecting beyond the metasomal apex, but differs in having: 1) propodeum with very weak lateromedian longitudinal carina in the basal part (this carina is strong in the basal part of propodeum in N. lloydi).

Neotheronia sp. 4: Figure 2Q
This specimen differs from the other Neotropical Neotheronia species mainly in having brownish dark body with some yellowish and black marks and yellowish brown femora, tibiae and tarsi.

Neotheronia sp. 5
This specimen closely resembles N. lineata (Fabricius, 1804), in coloration, but differs from it in having: 1) black marked in the anterior margin of propodeum and in a broad transverse band immediately in front of transverse carina (black marked in the anterior margin and medial stripe from transverse carina to hind margin of propodeum in N. lineata); 2) metasomal sternite brownish (yellowish in N. lineata); 3) tergite I 2.1 times as long as broad posteriorly (1.7 in N. lineata), 4) tergite II 0.6 times as long as broad posteriorly (0.9 in N. lineata).

Neotheronia sp. 6
This specimen resembles to lineata species-group Gauld, 1991 in having a black stripe joining the lateral ocellus and the eye; a rather weak epomia ventrally; a strongly dipped occipital carina; a rather long ovipositor, but differs by the combination of the following characters: 1) scutellum black marked; 2) propodeum black marked basally in front of transverse carina; 3) metasoma with tergites I-III yellowish-brown and the remaining tergites black; 4) ovipositor 2.2 times the length of hind tibia.This specimen probably is a new species.

Pimpla sp.: Figure 2R
This specimen closely resembles P. sanguinipes Cresson, 1872 in having head and mesosoma entirely black, metasoma with laterotergites II and III less than 0.3 times as broad as long and ovipositor sheath 0.9 times as long as hind tibia, but differs from it in having: 1) mandibles with upper tooth about 1.5 times the length of the lower (2.0 in P. croceiventris); 2) metasoma entirely reddish brown (entirely black in P. sanguinipes).

Polysphincta sp.: Figure 2S
These specimens differs from the Neotropical Polysphincta species mainly by the black wings (hyaline in others species).

Zatypota sp. 1
This specimen belongs to the morsei species-group Gauld, 1991 in having most the occipital carina lacking, mesosoma entirely orange and propodeum without lateromedian longitudinal carinae, but this specimen differs by the combination of the following characters: 1) face with a small discrete triangular marks below antennal sockets and frontal orbits pale yellowish; 2) metasoma blackish brown with tergites II-V basally whitish; 3) tergite I with lateromedian longitudinal carinae extending at least to anterior 0.4.
The new records of the Pimplinae fauna for the state of São Paulo and for Brazil contribute to the increase of biodiversity, as well as the distribution of the species to Brazil together in the southeast and south of the country, mentioned above.However, the lack of specialists in the group is insufficient and in addition, nothing is known of this fauna in the north, center west and northeast regions of the country.