Peropteryx trinitatis Miller , 1899 ( Chiroptera , Emballonuridae ) : first record in central Brazil and revised distribution map

Reports of Peropteryx trinitatis in Brazil are restricted to the northern and northeastern regions. In this study, we extend its known geographic range to include central Brazil, with the first report of P. trinitatis in the Cerrado of the state of Mato Grosso. This is the southernmost known record for this species, 900 km from the closest record.

Peropteryx trinitatis is an insectivorous bat, weighing from 3 to 6 g and with a forearm length ranging from 36 to 43 mm ( Hood and Gardner 2008;Lim et al. 2010;Reis et al. 2013).The species is sexually dimorphic, with females usually larger than males (Lim et al. 2010).It has large and wide ears which become slightly narrower at the tip; a conical muzzle, and dark brown to reddish brown fur (Miller 1899;Simmons and Voss 1998).Peropteryx trinitatis is known to occur in Aruba, Venezuela, French Guiana, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago and Brazil; its type locality is Port of Spain, Trinidad (Miller 1889) (Figure 1; Table 1).In these countries, P. trinitatis has been found in tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands, and in deserts and xeric shrublands (Figure 1).
There have been few captures of the P. trinitatis in Brazil.It has thus far been reported only in the north and northeast regions of the country covering the Brazilian biomes Amazon (states of Amazonas, Amapá and Pará), Caatinga (state of Bahia) and Cerrado savanna (state of Maranhão) (Table 1).Here we report a new record for the Central-West Region of Brazil, in the Cerrado savanna.
We captured two adult male P. trinitatis in Mário Viana Municipal Park (14°43′22″ S, 052°21′39″ W), a protected area (492 ha) located in the eastern portion of the Cerrado biome, in the city of Nova Xavantina, state of Mato Grosso.The predominant vegetation type in the municipal park is Cerrado sensu strictu, but there are patches of woodland, rocky Cerrado, and a gallery forest (Silva et al. 2008).The climate, according to the Köppen classification is tropical humid (Aw), the average annual temperature is 24°C (Vianello and Alves 2000), and mean rainfall is around 1,500 mm, with a dry season between April and September and a rainy season between October and March (Pirani et al. 2009).
The first specimen was captured on 10 May 2014 and the second specimen was captured on 11 April 2015.The captures were performed with the use of 6 × 3 m mist nets set up during the day at the opening to a roost site.The opening was characterized as a gap in a rocky wall within the gallery forest.The permit to collect the specimens was granted by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), Ministry of Environment (Process #18276-1).The specimens were identified following Vizotto and Taddei (1973), Lim and Engstrom (2001), and Simmons and Voss (1998), and deposited in the scientific collection of the Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), campus of Nova Xavantina, under the collection numbers RM 460 and RM 498 (Figure 2).
The dorsum of our P. trinitatis specimens were dark

Notes oN GeoGraphic DistributioN
and posterior cusps (Figure 2C), consistent with the description of Simmons and Voss (1998).External and cranial measurements (in mm) were found to be similar to the published morphometric data for P. trinitatis with small variations in measurements of thumb, foot, calcaneus, and greatest mandible length (Table 2).The dental formula was I1/3, C1/1, P2/2, M3/3 = 32.Peropteryx trinitatis is categorized by the IUCN brown in color, while the venters were lighter brown and a reddish tone (Figure 2A).According to Brosset and Charles-Dominique (1990), P. trinitatis has a shorter and more round skull than P. macrotis.The shape of the skull of the specimens captured in Mato Grosso was similar to those illustrated by these authors (Figure 2B).The anterior upper premolars of our specimens of P. trinitatis were peg-like and without well-defined anterior   (International Union for Conservation of Nature) (Sampaio 2016) and by Brazilian Ministry of the Environment (MMA 2014) as Data Deficient because of the lack of knowledge on its current range, and also because of the need for more information on its biology and ecology.The species is considered to be uncommon throughout its geographic range (Emmons and Feer 1990).This capture is the first report of the species in the state of Mato Grosso and central Brazil.It expands the known distribution range of this species about 900 km south from the closest record in the Brazilian state of Maranhão (Table 1).This finding emphasizes the need for more studies in areas that are currently lacking information on species richness, such as eastern Mato Grosso state.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Known geographic distribution of Peropteryx trinitatis.The black dots represent previous reports of the species, the star represents the type locality and red dot represents the first report of the species in central Brazil, in Nova Xavantina, state of Mato Grosso.Biomes classified according to Olson et al. (2001; available at http://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/terrestrial-ecoregions-of-the-world).

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Peropteryx trinitatis (RM 498) captured in Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. A. Adult male.B. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of skull and lateral and ventral views of mandible.Scale bar = 4.4 mm.C. Close-up lateral view of its upper right dentition (the arrow indicates the anterior upper premolar).Scale bar = 1.2 mm.

Table 1 .
Locations where Peropteryx trinitatis is known to occur.