Serra do Urubu , a biodiversity hot-spot for angiosperms in the northern Atlantic Forest ( Pernambuco , Brazil )

A list of angiosperms from Serra do Urubu, a montane forest area in the state of Pernambuco, is here provided. Based on 14 botanical expeditions and material deposited in herbaria, 832 taxa belonging to 442 genera and 118 families have been recorded in this area, with about 90% of the taxa identified to species level. The richest families are Orchidaceae (86 spp.), Fabaceae (51 spp.) and Rubiaceae (42 spp.). Miconia and Solanum (14 spp. each), and Psychotria (13 spp.) are the richest genera. About 15% of the recorded species are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, and another 10% are disjunct between this area and the Amazon Rainforest. The results indicate that the Serra do Urubu is one of the richest areas in terms of number of species of the Atlantic Forest in the Northeast, and corroborates the Pernambuco Endemism Center.


INTRODUCTION
The Atlantic Forest is considered one of the world's 34 biodiversity hotspots, possesses high species richness and endemism levels, a wide latitudinal extension (3°S-30°S) and various types of vegetation, yet despite this, only about 7-12% of its original area remains (Myers et al. 2000;Mittermeier et al. 2004;Ribeiro et al. 2009).Myers et al. (2000) estimated that there were 20,000 species of plants, of which 8,000 (40%) were endemic to this region and subsequently Stehmann et al. (2009), in a more detailed compilation, recorded 15,782 species for the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with 13,708 angiosperms, of which 49% were considered endemic.Based on the discovery of new species and the general advancement of knowledge of Brazilian plants, the Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil (2015) enumerates 15,282 species of flowering plants in the Atlantic Forest domain, and of these, 8,601 (56.3%) are endemic.The Atlantic Forest is first among Brazilian domains for threatened species (1,544 species), in addition to those that have insufficient data (265) and those which are not endangered but are considered of interest for conservation and research (337) (Livro Vermelho da Flora do Brasil 2013).
According to Stehmann et al. (2009), Orchidaceae, Fab aceae, Asteraceae, Bromeliaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae and Rubiaceae are the most representative families in the Atlantic Forest.Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae especially noteworthy for their high richness and endemism.Local floristic surveys along the Atlantic Forest demonstrate that these families figure among the richest in distinct areas of this domain, but in different proportions depending on, for example, altitude, latitude, and vegetation type (Barros et al. 1991;Alves-Araújo et al. 2008;Amorim et al. 2008Amorim et al. , 2009;;Scheer and Kinoshita 2009;Coelho and Amorim 2014;Forzza et al. 2014;Landim et al. 2015).
The Catende Complex (which includes Serra do Urubu) is located in the southern portion of the state of Pernambuco and is indicated by the MMA (2007) as

Lists of species
protected area.In addition, Jaqueira was highlighted by Kasecker et al. (2009) as a Key Biodiversity Area, based on the presence of a rare species of Bromeliaceae (Neoregelia pernambucana Leme & J.A. Siqueira-Filho).
The area is characterized as the border between montane and submontane seasonal forest (sensu Veloso et al. 1991), consisting of areas of remaining forest and rock outcrops, and surrounded by areas of sugar-cane (Usina Colônia), livestock and subsistence agriculture on small farms.The average rainfall between 1994 and 2013 was 1373.1 mm/year (data from the headquarters of Usina Colônia).The altitude varies between 600 and 780 m, and the area experiences fog at the highest points during the winter months, as well as having ponds and streams.
Samples were collected in the private area of Private Reserve of Natural Patrimony (PRNP) Frei Caneca, owned by Usina Colônia, and PRNP Pedra D'Anta, belonging to Society for Conservation of Birds of Brazil (SAVE Brasil), which are adjacent areas and together form a continuous fragment of approximately 1,000 ha of Atlantic Forest in the Serra do Urubu (Bencke et al. 2006).Field expeditions were conducted between August 2010 and December 2014, including both the dry and rainy seasons, totaling 14 trips and approximately 50 days of sampling effort.The material collected was treated according to the usual botanical techniques (Peixoto and Maia 2013) and deposited at Herbarium UFP with duplicates distributed to the herbaria ASE, FRA, HRCB, JPB, NY, RB and UFRN (acronyms according to Thiers 2015).
Identification of the material was performed by consulting the taxonomic literature, the collections of the UFP and JPB herbaria and specialists as indicated in Table 1.The classification of families, name of the species, abbreviations of authors, geographical distribution and of extreme biological importance and is considered a priority area for conservation of the flora of the Atlantic Forest domain (Martinelli 2007).The area has been the subject of many studies showing great diversity of birds (Roda 2002;Bencke et al. 2006), frogs (Santos and Carnaval 2002), lycophytes and ferns (Barros et al. 2006), Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae (Leme and Siqueira-Filho 2006;Siqueira-Filho and Felix 2006;Pessoa and Alves 2015b), and even new taxa to science (Carnaval and Peixoto 2004;Chautems et al. 2005;Leme and Siqueira-Filho 2006;Amorim andAlves 2012a, 2015;Costa-Lima and Alves 2013;Giacomin et al. 2013;Gregório et al. 2014;Pessoa and Alves 2015a;Pessoa et al. 2014aPessoa et al. , 2014b;;Sobral 2013).
Therefore, the objectives of this study were the following: (1) to perform an inventory of angiosperms in remnant \montane forests in the southern portion of the state of Pernambuco, (2) to corroborate the floristic patterns observed in other areas of Atlantic Forest in the region (the richest families, habits and similarity between areas based on representative taxonomic groups), (3) to document new occurrences for the state of Pernambuco and species with some degree of threatened or rare status.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The floristic survey was carried out in the Serra do Urubu (08°42ʹ48″ S, 035°50ʹ38″ W), located between the municipalities of Lagoa dos Gatos, Jaqueira and São Benedito do Sul, in the Zona da Mata Sul in the state of Pernambuco, about 160 km from Recife (Figure 1).Besides being considered by MMA (2007) as a priority conservation area for the Atlantic Forest domain, the municipality of Jaqueira was indicated by Martinelli (2007) as an area of extreme importance, requiring priority action to carry out an inventory and create a conservation status followed the Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil (2015) and the Livro Vermelho da Flora do Brasil (2013).The list presented here is mainly the product of collections made during this work, but other vouchers collected previously in the study area and deposited in the herbaria HST (Herbarium of Forestry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco -not indexed), JPB and UFP were also used.
The identified species were categorized into struct ural groups as (1) Herbs, (2) Bushes, (3) Trees and related forms (including treelets and arborescent plants like palms and bamboo) and ( 4) Climbers (woody or herbaceous vines).A further categorization was also adopted for the substrate: (1) Terrestrial, (2) Saxicolous (3) Epiphytic and/or Hemiepiphytic and (4) Aquatic or Wetland.It is noteworthy that in this case, some species occupy more than one type, which is a common condition in some representatives of Araceae, Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae.Finally, the species were organized into groups based on their source of nutrition: (1) Autotrophic, (2) Heterotrophic (parasitic or hemiparasitic) or (3) Mycoheterotrophic.
Considering the substrate, most species of the area are "Terrestrial" with 676 spp.(81.2% of all species) and comprise several families.The second most re presentative group are "epiphytic and hemiepiphytic" with 124 spp.(about 15% of the total species) and the greatest diversity among Orchidaceae (53.2% of epiphytes and hemiepiphytes), Bromeliaceae (25.8%) and Araceae (9.7%) and Piperaceae (5.6%).These are followed by the "Saxicolous" group, represented by 47 spp.(5.6% of all species), and families with the most species were Bromeliaceae (30% of saxicolous species), Orchidaceae (19.1%),Begoniaceae and Gesneriaceae (6.4% each)."Aqua tic and wetland" plants are represented by 21 spp.(2.5% of total species), among which Cyperaceae has seven spp. (33.3% of aquatic and wetland species), Lentibulariaceae and Linderniaceae two species each (9.5% each) and the rest of the families have only one species.

DISCUSSION
The Serra do Urubu has the biggest taxonomic richness (832 taxa) when compared with other floristic surveys in the state of Pernambuco (Table 2) (Guedes 1998;Rodal et al. 2005aRodal et al. , 2005b;;Rodal and Sales 2007;Sacramento et al. 2007;Ferraz and Rodal 2008;Cavalcanti 2012;Alves et al. 2013).The Serra do Urubu slightly exceeds the total number of species only an area of lowland forest in the north of the state, whose inventory has been continuously updated since 2008 and was recently updated to 830 species of angiosperms (Alves-Araújo et al. 2008;Melo et al. 2011;Alves et al. 2013).
The difference is even more striking when the data presented here are compared with floristic inventories of areas of submontane and montane forests of Pernambuco (Rodal et al. 2005b;Rodal and Sales 2007;Ferraz and Rodal 2008), even after considering the cataloged over 10 years of sampling effort.This region stands as the most species-rich area in northeastern Brazil (Amorim et al. 2008).However, excluding species that are unique to "tabuleiro" and mangroves, 737 species have been cataloged for the submontane region of Una, which makes the species richness of the Serra do Urubu and Rebio UNA comparable.
The most diverse families in number of species in the Serra do Urubu (Orchidaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Bromeliaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Melastomataceae and Solanaceae) were also the most species-rich in floristic studies of montane areas in southern Bahia, such as in the Serra do Corcovado (Coelho and Amorim 2014), Serra Bonita and Serra das Lontras (Amorim et al. 2009;Leitman et al. 2014).A similar pattern of richness was found in Una where Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae and Melastomataceae were the most species-rich families, listed in descending order.
On the other hand, in studies carried out in Pernambuco by Rodal et al. (2005b), Rodal and Sales (2007) and Ferraz and Rodal (2008), Orchidaceae was poorly sampled and represented only 3.2-1.5% of the flora, while in the Serra do Urubu Orchidaceae represents 10.3% of the total number of species recorded.A proportion similar to this has been shown for areas of Bahia, wherein Orchidaceae account for between 8.2% and 10.2% of the flora (Amorim et al. 2009;Coelho and Amorim 2014;Leitman et al. 2014).Furthermore, the richness of the family in the Serra do Urubu is among the greatest ever recorded in floristic surveys in the size difference of fragments.For example, the region of Serra do Urubu studied here has more than twice as many species recorded in an area of the municipality of São Vicente Férrer (Ferraz and Rodal 2008), which had until now held the record for the greatest number of species for this type of vegetation in the state.The high floristic diversity of the Serra do Urubu is also reflected in other groups of plants such as ferns and lycophytes, which according to Barros et al. (2006), have more than 40% of the species cataloged for Pernambuco occurring in the PRNP Frei Caneca.
In relation to similar inventories conducted in montane forests in the Northeast, the number of recorded species is compatible with values obtained by Amorim et al. (2009), Coelho and Amorim (2014) and Leitman et al. (2014), in areas of southern Bahia (412-792 species) and which are recognized for the high diversity and high levels of endemism in their floras.In addition, the richest fragments in the studies mentioned are of sizes comparable with the fragments of the Serra do Urubu (Table 2).Nevertheless, forest fragments in southern Bahia with more than 2000 ha still have lower species richness than the Serra do Urubu (Amorim et al. 2009;Coelho and Amorim 2014;Leitman et al. 2014).
The richness of plants in the Serra do Urubu is comparable to the Una Biological Reserve, located in southern Bahia and home to a mosaic of environments consisting of submontane forest, "tabuleiro" vegetation, mangrove, flooded and disturbed areas.The Una Biological Reserve has 947 species of angiosperms Northeastern Brazil.These differences are probably due to different sampling efforts concentrated on the arboreal layer of the areas of Pernambuco.However, one cannot fail to consider the effect of fragmentation and human pressures on the species, besides the difference in the size of the fragments among the studied areas.
Fabaceae emerges at different proportions in the various studies performed in Atlantic Forest fragments, despite being one of the most representative families in montane areas of Pernambuco (Rodal et al. 2005b;Rodal and Sales 2007;Ferraz and Rodal 2008) and Bahia (Amorim et al. 2005(Amorim et al. , 2009;;Coelho and Amorim 2014).In the Serra do Urubu, the family accounts for about 6.1% of total species, while in the Mata do Brejão (Rodal et al. 2005b) and the Municipal Park Vasconcelos Sobrinho (Rodal and Sales 2007), its proportion ranges from 12-15.6%.This difference is suggested here to be due to a small sampling of non-arboreal structural groups in Rodal et al. (2005b) and Rodal and Sales (2007), as observed for Orchidaceae and Cyperaceae, among other families.
It is important to point out that, for various reasons, there is a clear bias directed to the effort of collecting woody species (including trees, woody climbers and shrubs) in some studies, which usually leads to low sampling of species from other groups, such as herbaceous plants.This is evidenced in Ferraz and Rodal (2008), in which members of the woody group represented 64.5% of the recorded species.On the other hand, when the same sampling effort is performed for other strata of the forest, richness patterns emerge similar to those seen in the Serra do Urubu.Thus, in Rodal et al. (2005b) and Rodal and Sales (2007), trees represent 25% and 35.7% of the species sampled in the areas, respectively, which is close to a value found here.In addition, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Myrtaceae are among the most representative families in these works (Rodal et al. 2005b;Rodal and Ferraz 2007;Ferraz and Rodal 2008).
The most representative of structural groupings was "Herbs", followed by "Bushes" and "Trees and related forms", corroborating the findings of Amorim et al. (2009) and Coelho and Amorim (2014) in inventories in montane forests in Bahia.In both those studies, Orchidaceae is identified as the richest family in number of species, followed by Rubiaceae, Bromeliaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae and Solanaceae, findings which were also found in the Serra do Urubu.
The similarities also apply to climbers.Rodal et al. (2005b), Rodal and Ferraz (2007), Ferraz and Rodal (2008), this functional group is 10-15% of the flora in their respective study areas, a pattern into which the Serra do Urubu fits nicely at 14% .The distribution of species richness of climbers into families is also similar, where Fabaceae is among the most representative together with Cucurbitaceae, Dioscoreaceae and Sapindaceae.However, in the Serra do Urubu this group also includes Passifloraceae, Apocynaceae, Convolvulaceae, Asteraceae and Malpighiaceae.
Plants with differentiated forms of nutrition (hemiparasitic, parasitic or mycoheterotrophic) are usually represented by only a few species or absent in floristic inventories.No mycoheterotrophic species were recorded in montane and submontane areas of Pernambuco by Rodal et al. (2005b), Rodal and Ferraz (2007) and Ferraz and Rodal (2008), who recognized only hemiparasitic species of the families Loranthaceae and Santalaceae.In these works, the hemiparasites were represented by one or up to four species, while eight species have been recorded in the Serra do Urubu.Araújo et al. (2007), in the Serra do Baturité (Ceará state), also recorded hemiparasitic species of Loranthaceae and a species of Balanophoraceae (Langsdorffia hypogaea Mart.).Meanwhile, Barbosa et al. (2004), working in a montane forest area in Areia (Paraíba state), cataloged species of hemiparasite and mycoheterotrophy but also cited Cuscuta racemosa Mart.(Convolvulaceae), a parasitic species that was not recorded in other studies.In areas of southern Bahia (Amorim et al. 2005(Amorim et al. , 2008(Amorim et al. , 2009;;Coelho and Amorim 2014), hemiparasites are represented with three to nine species in these same families (Lorantahecae and Santalaceae), in addition to parasitic species such as Helosis cayennensis (Sw.)Spreng.(Balanophoraceae) and mycoheterotrophic species (e.g., Gymnosiphon divaricatus (Benth.)Benth.& Hook.f. [Burmanniaceae] and Voyria flavescens Griseb.
[Gentianaceae]).The mycoheterotrophic species recorded in this study Campylosiphon purpurascens Benth.(Burmanniaceae) and Wullschlaegelia aphylla (Sw.)Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae) were previously known only from single records collected 40 years ago in the state of Pernambuco from other areas of montane forests in the state (Melo and Alves 2013).
The rock outcrops in the Serra do Urubu are generally at the summit of the mountain, and have been given particular names, such as Pedra do Cruzeiro, which is an access point for visitors.Some species recorded in the Serra do Urubu are restricted to these environments, among which are Ortophytum disjunctum L.  2006; Gomes andAlves 2009, 2010;Araújo et al. 2015).
Our results also provide significant advances in the floristic knowledge of the region and on the distribution of species in the northern Atlantic Forest.With this list there was a considerable increase in the number of listed species from Serra do Urubu, as Cardoso et al. (2006) and Grillo et al. (2006) recorded 241 species of flowering plants in the PRNP Frei Caneca.In addition, our results improved the initial checklists of these authors with the not inclusion of 86 species because we had not been located neither the field nor herbaria.Families with the most corrections were Orchidaceae with 17 species, followed by Fabaceae with 11 and Bromeliaceae with seven.These improvements work together to enhance our knowledge of the biodiversity of the area and for future management plans of the protected area.
Based on the Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil (2015) and local floras (Sales et al. 1998;Ferraz and Rodal 2008;Almeida-Júnior et al. 2009;Gomes and Alves 2010;Amorim and Alves 2012a, 2012b, 2012c;Amorim et al. 2012;Chagas 2012;Alves et al. 2013;Buril 2013;Oliveira and Alves 2013;Sampaio 2013;Viana and Barbosa 2013;Costa-Lima 2014;Pereira 2014;Pessoa and Alves 2015b), it was found that 25 spp.(about 3% of the total cataloged for the Serra do Urubu) are new records for the state of Pernambuco.This increase to the flora of the state includes families such as Fabaceae (6 spp.), Piperaceae, Poaceae and Rubiaceae (3 spp.each) and Myrtaceae (2 spp.).These results reiterate the importance of the study of local-regional floras for increasing knowledge of plant diversity in the northern portion of the Atlantic Forest.
As to the proportion of species endemic to the Atlantic Forest, the present study found that 15% of species have this distribution pattern, which is well below that found by Coelho and Amorim (2014), who verified that more than 37% of species listed by them are endemic to this domain.Meanwhile, the proportion of species found with disjunct distributions between the Amazon and Atlantic Forest is 10%, which is similar to that found by Rodal et al. (2005b) and Coelho and Amorim (2014).Amorim et al. (2009) indicated that this value is similar to what is found in lowland areas of southern Bahia; however, they also found a decrease in this ratio with increased altitude.
The families Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, Myrtaceae and Marantaceae had the greatest number of species endemic to the Atlantic Forest in our results.These families are also among those with the greatest proportion of endemic species of all families recorded in this area according to Stehmann et al. (2009) (Alves-Araújo et al. 2010;Oliveira and Alves 2013;Costa-Lima 2014) and Myrsine guianensis is commonly found in restinga plant formations of coastal Brazil (Freitas and Carrijo 2008;Almeida Jr. et al. 2009;Alves et al. 2013).Furthermore, Hyeronima oblonga is a species found in montane forests (Rebster and Huft 1988), as is Symplocaceae, which is more species-rich in the Brazilian Southeast and South (Fritsch et al. 2008;Aranha-Filho and Pedreira 2009).
Myrtaceae is usually indicated among the most species-rich families and as an important component in the tree layer (Oliveira-Filho and Fontes 2000;Amorim et al. 2008;Coelho and Amorim 2014) 2012, 2015;Sobral 2013).
The presence of species occurring in montane and lowland forests reveals the transitional nature of the Serra do Urubu, which stands at the altitudinal limit adopted for characterization of submontane and montane forests.This position may be one of the factors contributing to the high species richness found in this study.Ferraz et al. (2008) found evidence that the submontane forests of the Serra da Borborema have a transitional pattern between lowland and montane forests, following the same trend of altitudinal gradients recorded by Gentry (1988).
The high richness of some families in the Serra do Urubu and other montane and submontane forests in the Northeastern Brazil (Amorim et al. 2009;Coelho and Amorim 2014) is distinct from lowland areas.Orchidaceae and Bromeliaceae, well-sampled here and in the cited studies, have less richness in the checklists produced by Guedes (1998), Rodal et al. (2005a), Soares-Júnior et al. (2008) and Alves et al. (2013).In southeastern Brazil, according to Oliveira-Filho and Fontes (2000), the number of species of Chrysobalanaceae, Sapotaceae, Rutaceae and Moraceae tends to decrease with increasing altitude, while for Asteraceae, Melastomataceae, Primulaceae and Solanaceae the numbers tend to increase.This assertion is partially corroborated in the Serra do Urubu, where Chrysobalanaceae and Sapotaceae are poorly represented (one and three species, respectively), while in the Usina São José, a lowland forest area in northern Pernambuco state (Alves et al. 2013), six and 18 species have been cataloged, respectively.The same difference of number of species in these areas does not fully apply to Rutaceae and Moraceae (Alves et al. 2013).Primulaceae and Solanaceae are richer in Serra do Urubu than in Usina São José, partially corroborating the findings of Oliveira-Filho and Fontes (2000).Meanwhile, Asteraceae and Melastomataceae are represented by the same number of species in the two areas mentioned.Amorim et al. (2009) pointed out that Burseraceae, Combretaceae and Connaraceae are better represented in lowland areas than in montane and submontane areas of Bahia.However, comparing the floristic checklists of Usina São José (Alves et al. 2013) and Serra do Urubu, this assertion is not confirmed.It is noteworthy that some families such as Bignoniaceae and Polygalaceae are more diverse in lowland forests (Alves et al. 2013), unlike Gesneriaceae and Begoniaceae that are richer in middle and high elevation areas (Clement et al. 2004;Perret et al. 2013).Piperaceae is another example of the richness of the flora of Serra do Urubu being more pronounced in higher altitude forests than in lowland forests (Guedes 1998;Sacramento et al. 2007;Soares Jr. et al. 2008;Alves et al. 2013) (Orchidaceae).Aside from Vrisea wawranea, which was cataloged here only from herbarium material, the other species mentioned above were observed in their natural habitat.Canistrum auratiacum, C. pickelii, Euterpe edulis and Lacistema robustum are restricted to the understory of higher altitude areas of the Serra do Urubu.Furthermore, Giulietti et al. (2009) considered Canistrum auratiacum, Neoregelia pernambucana (Bromeliaceae), Dichanthelium assurgens (Poaceae) and Borreria decipiens (Rubiaceae) as rare species.
In addition to sheltering a large contingent of endangered species, the Serra do Urubu has its relevance to conservation highlighted by the fact that it supports significant portions of biodiversity of ecologically important families of the Atlantic Forest and the flora of Pernambuco state.In this sense, the family Bromeliaceae has 17 genera and 41 species occurring in the area which represents 85% of the genera and 40% of the species recorded for Pernambuco (Forzza et al. 2015).In turn the Serra do Urubu supports 61.5% of the genera and 39% of the species of Orchidaceae occurring in the state of Pernambuco (Barros et al. 2015;Pessoa and Alves 2015b) and harbors 26.4% of all species of Myrtaceae recorded in the state.Other families of less floristic relevance also have a significant portions of their biodiversity in Pernambuco preserved in the Serra do Urubu.Such is the case with Gesneriaceae, where all genera and 80% of the species occurring in Pernambuco, Marantaceae with 42.3% of the species occurring in the state, Piperaceae with 42.8%, Melastomataceae with about 46%, Violaceae with 55.6% and Passifloraceae with 68.75% of its species in the state are recorded in the Serra do Urubu (Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil 2015).

Conclusions
This work confirms that Serra do Urubu is an area of high relevance to the diversity of angiosperms in the Brazilian Northeast, aligning itself with the indications of several other biological groups.Furthermore, the Serra do Urubu harbors many species restricted to the Pernambuco Endemism Center and with some degree of threat.It is confirmed, therefore, that the Serra do Urubu is a center of diversity in the northern part of the Atlantic Forest and corroborates the Pernambuco Endemism Center based on the floristic composition of the families Bromeliaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Myrtaceae and Orchidaceae.
Floristic diversity patterns are reinforced and highlighted that will help build a broader picture of the composition of the angiosperms of the northern portion of the Atlantic Forest.Among the patterns highlighted and corroborated in this study are the relevance of the major angiosperm families common to the Atlantic Forest, the proportionality between the various morpho-functional and ecological groups and the floristic connections of the submontane and montane Atlantic Forest in several areas of the Brazilian Northeast.
The importance of the area is highlighted by this study for preservation efforts at both the regional and national levels due to the diversity and representation of key groups of the Atlantic Forest.

Figure 1 :
Figure 1: Map showing the location of the Serra do Urubu, Pernambuco state.
Continued Melo et al. | Angiosperms of the Serra do Urubu, Pernambuco, Brazil

Table 2 :
Comparison with other floristic surveys in the Brazilian Northeast.