New records of Cynomops planirostris ( Peters , 1865 ) ( Chiroptera , Molossidae ) for the state of Amazonas and its updated distribution in Brazil

Cynomops planirostris is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, with records extending from Panama to northern Argentina. In Brazil, C. planirostris was recorded in 17 states, with few records in the Amazon basin. Herein we report new records of C. planirostris from the state of Amazonas.

Cynomops planirostris is widely distributed in the Neotropical Region, with records from Panama to the south-central portion of South America (Koopman 1994).Cynomops planirostris has been reported from French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina (Koopman 1994;Eger 2008).
The specimen was collected and handled following the procedures described by the American Society of Mammologists (Sikes et al. 2011).The voucher specimen was preserved in 70% alcohol and deposited in the Mammal Collection of the Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development (IDSM0905).
The specimen is an adult male, with a forearm length of 34.13 mm and weight of 13 g (Figure 2).The identification was done following the characteristics provided by al. 2008;Rocha et al. 2010;Novaes et al. 2013).However, Bernard et al. (2011a) recognized that the record of this species should be removed from the list of recorded species for the state of Pará due to an error in record keeping for that state.There are states with more than one record for C. planirostris, but in Figure 1 we show only studies where the species was first recorded; other records for these states are shown in Table 1.
In 1980, Mok and Lacey reported the occurrence of C. planirostris in the city of Tefé, state of Amazonas.The voucher specimens (USNM 531145, USNM 556087) are deposited at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC, USA.These records have not been taken into account by subsequent studies (e.g., Eger 2008;Bernard et al. 2011a;Novaes et al. 2013), mainly because the article written by Mok and Lacey (1980) was published in the printed version of the journal Acta Amazonica (Portuguese edition), hindering its wider distribution.
Here we report new records of C. planirostris for the state of Amazonas through the recent capture of a specimen in the city of Tefé and specimens in the Simmons and Voss (1998) and Eger (2008).Cynomops planirostris differs from its most similar congener C. paranus by its smaller overall size, smaller forearms and tail, and distinct coloration (Simmons and Voss 1998).
Cynomops planirostris presents an opaque reddish-brown coloration on the dorsum, while the ventral coloration is slightly lighter, with a continuous white patch on the chest and abdomen (Figure 2) (Simmons and Voss 1998;Gregorin and Taddei 2002).Cynomops paranus has a darker, homogeneous coloration, and a bright and dark brown-gray color, with the ventral coloration showing the same patterns as the dorsal coloration, but usually greyer (Simmons and Voss 1998;Gregorin and Taddei 2002).Moreover, the collected specimen shows skull characters also compatible with C. planirostris, such as weakly developed basisphenoid pits, relatively low and short rostrum, with the anterior face of the lacrimal ridges sloping posteriorly (Eger 2008).
In addition to the records of Mok and Lacey (1980) and the one captured by us, there are other specimens collected in Amazonas state that are deposited at the USNM and MPEG (Table 1).At the USNM, the specimens are a male and a female collected in Itacoatiara (03°1ʹ57.464ʺS, 058°55ʹ51.449ʺW) on 2 May 1913, with cleaned skulls and bodies preserved in fluid.At MPEG there are skins and cleaned skulls of five females, collected on March 1961 at the Special Border Platoon of the Brazilian Army Estirão of Ecuador (03°53ʹ17.419ʺS, 071°40ʹ03.31ʺW), Municipality of Atalaia do Norte district, at the border with Peru (Table 1).
Our findings confirm the presence of C. planirostris in the state of Amazonas, with a second record in the city of Tefé (Mok and Lacey 1980), and two additional museum records for Atalaia do Norte and Itacoatiara.These records fill another gap for bats in the Brazilian Amazon.This biome is one of the most poorly sampled in Brazil, with heterogeneous and fragmented records and few intensely sampled sites (Lim and Engstrom 2001;Bernard and Fenton 2002;Sampaio et al. 2003;Martins et al. 2011;Bernard et al. 2011a, b).This deficiency creates large gaps in the sampling distribution of many species of bats, which results in lack of refined biogeographical patterns for most of the species (Lim and Engstrom 2001).This is the third state in the Brazilian Amazon where C. planirostris was collected.To date, the Pampa is the only biome in Brazil without any record of this species.This is the first record in 25 years since the work of Mok and Lacey (1980), which confirms the difficulty of catching this species, even in intensely sampled locations (Sampaio et al. 2003).We emphasize that the use of alternative sampling methods for bats, such as harp traps, canopy nets, searching for diurnal roosts and echolocation calls, may contribute to record this and other species that are rarely captured with mist nets set at the ground level (Kunz and Kurta1988;Simmons and Voss 1998;Kalko and Handley 2001;Pol et al. 2003).

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Records of Cynomops planirostris in Brazil: circle, square, triangle and red star indicate the records from the state of Amazonas.Black circles indicate other records for Brazil.The numbers and symbol corresponding to the records are indicated inTable 1.

and Authors Notes oN GeoGraphic DistributioN Santos
et al. | New records of Cynomops planirostris for the state of Amazonas, Brazil

Table 1 .
Localities of occurrence of C. planirostris in Brazil.Asterisks indicate the first record for each state.