Seven new records of Myrtaceae in Brazil

Calyptranthes conduplicata, C. vexata, Eugenia moritziana, E. pusilliflora, Marlierea suborbicularis, Myrcia crispa and M. subcordifolia are new records for the Brazilian flora. All species except Eugenia moritziana, recorded from Espírito Santo state, are reported for the first time in Brazilian Amazonia.

Myrtaceae are represented in Brazil by about 1,000 native species (Sobral et al. 2015).Nevertheless, several regions, especially northern Brazil, are underestimated in their richness, which is due to the lack of collection efforts.Northern Brazil (i.e., the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins) has an area of 3,856,570 km 2 (IBGE 2015) from where there are recorded about 668,000 plant collections (CRIA 2015).This would result in an average of 0.17 collection/ km 2 , considerably smaller than the Campbell sufficiency sampling index for tropical countries (one collection/ km²; Campbell 1989) and even smaller than the average collection index for Brazil, which is about 0.6 collection/ km² (Sobral and Stehmann 2009).Additionally, there is a scarcity of recent taxonomic studies on Myrtaceae of northern Brazil.Souza (1999) studied the Myrtaceae of the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke in Manaus, Amazonas, and Rosário and collaborators provided occasional contributions to the knowledge of the family in the Amazonian biome (Rosário and Secco 2006;Rosário et al. 2005Rosário et al. , 2013Rosário et al. , 2014aRosário et al. , 2014b)).Most identifications of Brazilian specimens must still rely on extra-Brazilian treatments such as the studies of McVaugh (1958McVaugh ( , 1969) ) and Holst et al. (2002).
As a consequence of the scarcity of knowledge of the northern Brazilian flora, it may be expected that any detailed investigation of this region may bring to light geographical novelties such as those presented in this paper.On the other hand, the finding of Eugenia moritziana in the southeastern state of Espírito Santo is also indicative that even relatively well surveyed biomes, such as the Atlantic rainforest, are still in need of investigation.
Specimens were identified were using available literature (Karsten 1848(Karsten -1849;;McVaugh 1958McVaugh , 1969;;Holst 2002;Holst and Kawasaki 2008) and by comparison with type specimens or images of type specimens (see references under each species).Maps were plotted using QuantumGIS 2.6.1 (QGIS Development Team 2014); the specimens used for plotting distribution, except type specimens and Brazilian collections, were not seen by us; information regarding these specimens were based on the protologues or on-line databases (see Table 1).Herbaria are identified through their standard acronyms (Thiers 2015).
We present the first records of seven species of Myrtaceae not previously reported for Brazil; most of them are new findings from northern Brazil, except Eugenia moritziana, which was collected in the southeastern state of Espírito Santo.
Calyptranthes conduplicata is a tree up to 6 m from upland forests ("terra firme").It is easily recognizable through its relatively large, glabrous blades and long petioles if compared with other Amazonian species of the genus; the petioles are 13-15 × 2.0-2.2mm and black when dry, and the blades narrowly elliptic to oblong, 150-170 × 55-73 mm, 2.3-2.8 times longer than wide, slightly discolorous when dry, with apex acuminate and base rounded or cuneate.Although this species was originally collected in Venezuela, it was later collected in Paraguay (Tropicos 2014a), making it probably a widespread but scarcely collected species.4 and 8.
Calyptranthes vexata is a tree to 12 m from upland forests ("terra firme"), distinguished from other Amazonian species of the genus by its sessile flowers.Leaves are glabrous, with petioles 9-10 × 1.5-1.6 mm and blades narrowly elliptic, 95-130 × 40-50 mm, 2.4-3.2 times longer than wide.It was presently known only from the type collection, gathered in Guyana.
Eugenia moritziana is a tree 5-7 m collected in coastal Atlantic rainforests; it is recognizable by its markedly    5 and 9.

Myrcia crispa
Myrcia crispa is a tree to 8 m, with twigs, petioles and abaxial side of blades covered by rufescent trichomes; blades are markedly discolorous when dry, with the adaxial face dark brown, glabrous and shining, and the abaxial face rufescent, dull and densely pilose.Leaves have petioles 5-8 × 2-2.5 mm, and blades are elliptic to obovate, 63-70 × 30-33 mm, 1.9-2.4times longer than wide.It was previously known only for Venezuela.Former records of Myrcia crispa from northeastern Bahia state, Brazil (Amorim 1025 and Davidse 11969, both SP; see images in CRIA 2015) are collections of Myrcia eriocalyx De Candolle, a distinct species belonging to the Gomidesia clade (see Lucas et al. 2011; Myrcia crispa belongs to the Myrcia clade) which occasionally bears a dark brown indumentum that may be confused with that of M. crispa.Nevertheless, blades are usually ovate or rounded in M. eriocalyx, while they are elliptic or obovate in M. crispa.
Myrcia subcordifolia is a tree to 16 m from floodable forests ("várzea"), recognizable through its leaves with petioles 2.5-4 × 2 mm mostly scarcely visible and obovate blades 60-110 × 34-64 mm, 1.7-1.8times longer than wide, with widely rounded base, occasionally subcordate at the junction with the petioles.This species was previously known for Ecuador.
All species registered here except Eugenia moritziana were collected in the states of northern Brazil.These new findings are an eloquent demonstration of the scarcity of collections along the Amazonian biome (for numerical data see Introduction).On the other side, the occurrence of E. moritziana in the coastal rainforest of Espírito Santo, more than 3,000 km from the Venezuelan populations, although not exactly surprising if we consider the biogeographical connections of Amazonian and Atlantic biomes (e.g., Costa 2003), may exemplify the fact that even well surveyed areas are yet incompletely known in its floristic composition.Espírito Santo state has an area of 46,095 km² (IBGE 2015) and there are nearly 180,000 collections there (CRIA 2015), with an average of nearly four collections/km².

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We acknowledge the collectors and the curators of the material examined, as well as the herbaria that allowed free access to their image databases.We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers who suggested significant improvements to our paper.MS acknowledges Michael Hopkins, curator of herbarium INPA, for the opportunity of studying the Amazonian Myrtaceae collection at Manaus.For data of the specimens mapped, see Table 1.

Table 1 .
Data of specimens other than type material and Brazilian collections used for plotting distribution of the species.