New records of angiosperms from Espírito Santo , Brazil

This study aims to report six new occurrences of angiosperm species from the state of Espírito Santo, widening their geographic distribution. These floristic novelties evidence the presence of knowledge gaps regarding the flora and little collecting effort in Espírito Santo, in addition to demonstrating the floristic importance of Serra do Valentim, with restricted distribution species.

Alexander Curt Brade published in 1947 the first scientific contribution about the flora of Espírito Santo.This paper was a monograph on Lycophytes and Ferns.Subsequently, Ruschi (1986) published a checklist of Orchidaceae, revealing the overwhelming diversity of this family in the state.In the last five years, 18 new species to science were described in regional floras and taxonomic revisions based on collections from Espírito Santo.Some of these species are endemic to the state and known only for a few collections, such as Vriesea euclidiana Leme & G.K. Br. (Bromeliaceae; Leme et al. 2010) Local floras for a wide geographical range of municipalities were produced in the last years.Floras of Begoniaceae (Kollmann 2006), Melastomataceae (Goldenberg & Reginato 2006) and Gesneriaceae (Rossini 2010) added important information on the flora of Santa Teresa.Bromeliaceae was investigated with greater emphasis in the southern Espírito Santo, resulting in checklists for Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (Krahl et al. 2012) and Mimoso do Sul (Couto et al. 2013).Arecaceae was studied at Linhares (Coelho 2010), in the urban area of Vila Velha (Valadares et al. 2012), and in the Biological Reserve of Duas Bocas (Cariacica municipality) by Lima and Soares (2003).Melastomataceae was also studied in the Pedra Azul State Park at Domingos Martins municipality (Meirelles & Goldenberg 2012).The species of Orchidaceae (Fraga & Peixoto 2004) and Sapotaceae (Fabris & Peixoto 2013) were monographed in "tabuleiro" forest.Chiron & Bolsanello (2011) published novelties for the genus Acianthera, and Chiron (2013) for the subfamily Epidendroideae (except for the tribe Maxillarieae) in the entire state.
Despite these valuable contributions, some regions such as the northeastern Espírito Santo and the Caparaó region, have received smaller attention in terms of floristic studies.This is a cause of concern, since these areas are under strong threat of suppression due to the expansion of agriculture and the extraction of ornamental rocks.This is the case of Serra do Valentim (Figure 1), that comprises the largest remnant of Atlantic Forest of Iúna municipality.Its vegetation was studied between the years 2011 and 2012 (Zorzanelli 2012)  to scientific articles, monographs, and by the on-line, databases speciesLink and "Lista do Brasil" (Forzza et al. 2010).Descriptions followed the terms and concepts of Hickey and King (2002).The new records of angiosperms for Espírito Santo state are listed below.
Material examined: Iúna, road for the Serra do Baill.(Orobanchaceae).Vouchers of these new records were incorporated to the VIES, HRCB and RB Herbaria (acronyms according to Holmgren et al. 1990).Specialized literature, including monographs and scientific articles were used to identify species.Subsequently, experts in the referred families confirmed their identification.Geographic distributions were checked by referring    2b) Terrestrial herb; stem covered with cataphylls; leaves simple, alternate, margin entire, blade lanceolate, base obtuse, apex acuminate, slightly prominent veins in the lower face, lightly; spadix and spathe yellow-green.
Notes: Anthurium lucioi is a very similar species to A. bragae Nadruz and A. marense K.Krause.Coelho et al. (2009) present the main morphologic differences between the referred species, especially in the form of the leafstalk, veins and leaf blade.A. lucioi, according to the same authors, occurs in the high mountain forests of the Atlantic coast, in moist and shady locations.The occurrence of the species was known from the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo (Coelho et al. 2014).
Notes: Cissus trianae is a distinct species with uncommon characteristics in comparison to the trifoliate species of the same genus (Lombardi 2000).It has Neotropical disjunct distribution to the Atlantic coast.It was known in Brazil from the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro according to Lombardi (2014).

Ocotea villosa
Notes: Ocotea villosa was known from States of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (Quinet et al. 2014).
Notes: Tovomitopsis paniculata is a species endemic to Brazil with known distribution for the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (Bittrich et al. 2014).
Notes: Souza and Giulietti (2009) inform that V. dracocephaloides was collected only in the States of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.Souza (2014)  Acalypha amblyodonta is a species with wide geographic distribution and occurs in states adjacent to Espírito Santo, as well as in Argentina (Lucena & Alves 2010).The previous lack of records for this species from Espírito Santo may be explained by the scarceness of field efforts in various regions of the state.Velloziella dracocephaloides and A. lucioi (Souza & Giulietti 2009;Coelho et al. 2009) are species with restricted distributions to Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states and Minas Gerais and São Paulo states, respectively.This may result from specificity for habitats with environmental limitations, or preferences of these species for preserved areas.Cissus trianae has a Neotropical distribution, disjunctly occurring between the set of Andine formations and Central America and the Brazilian Atlantic coast (Lombardi 2000).In Brazil, its distribution is restricted to states of Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.These new records indicate the importance of floristic studies not only in the Atlantic Forest remnant of Serra do Valentim, but also in the biome as a whole.The local floras should be stimulated and collection efforts in remnants located in private properties should be intensified.Information of this nature will broaden the understanding regarding the geographic distribution and preservation status of various species as well as provide refined data bases of the Brazilian flora.