New records of mayflies ( Ephemeroptera : Insecta ) from Pernambuco state , Northeastern Brazil

The knowledge about the distribution of Ephemeroptera in Brazil has increased in recent years, contributing to reduce the gaps about its distribution in this country. This paper presents an updated checklist of the species of Ephemeroptera from Pernambuco state, Northeastern Brazil based on bibliography and collections from numerous rivers and streams of 27 counties and 74 localities. In this study, 18 species and 11 genera are recorded for the first time from Pernambuco state, increasing from 43 to 61 the number of known species. With these results, Pernambuco becomes the state with highest number of species in Northeastern Region of Brazil. Moreover, Caenis chamie is reported for the first time from Brazil.


INTRODUCTION
The knowledge about the distribution of Ephemeroptera in Brazil has increased in recent years.According to information provided in the list of species from Brazil from the website "Ephemeroptera do Brasil" (Salles et al. 2015), there are 319 species recorded in 10 families and 72 genera.Since the first survey for Brazil performed by Salles et al. (2004a) several local and regional inventories were made, mainly for Southeast and Northeastern Brazil (Boldrini et al. 2012;Cruz et al. 2011;Lima et al. 2010Lima et al. , 2012;;Salles et al. 2004bSalles et al. , 2010;;Shimano 2010).These surveys have contributed to reduce the gaps in the knowledge of distribution of Ephemeroptera in Brazil.
Based on bibliography and specimens collected in this work, we elaborated an updated checklist of mayflies from Pernambuco state, in order to add new records of species and correct erroneous records.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collections were made between March 2011 and April 2014 in 27 counties and 74 localities (Figures 1A-D).Nymphs were collected with an aquatic entomological net and, adults were captured with light traps.When possible, nymphs were reared to obtain the adult stage.Collected specimens were fixed in 80% ethanol.Permanent slides were made using Canada Balsam and Euparal® as the mounting medium.The identifications were based on Domínguez et al. (2006), Salles (2006) and other specific papers for each species when necessary.Information on the geographical distribution of species were consulted in Domínguez et al. (2006), the updated frequently website "Ephemeroptera do Brazil" (Salles et al. 2015), and specific papers for each species.In material examined, the symbols "I" and "N" mean "imago" and "nymph", respectively.In Appendix 1, the asterisk (*) after the name refers to a new record of species to Pernambuco state and two asterisks (**) mean a new generic record.All specimens were collected under the scientific collector's license issued to LRCL (number 34065-3) by the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBIO).The material examined is deposited in the following institutions: Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical, Tucumán, Argentina (IBN); Coleção Zoológica Norte Capixaba (CZNC), São Mateus, Brazil and Coleção Entomológica da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CEUFPE), Recife, Brazil.Distribution.Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima and São Paulo.Colombia, French Guiana and Paraguay.
Remarks.Its presence in this study represents the first record of this species from the state of Pernambuco.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this study were record 18 species and 11 genera for the first time from Pernambuco state, increasing from 43 to 61 the number of recorded species.With these results, Pernambuco becomes the state with highest number of known species of Northeastern region of Brazil, followed by the states of Bahia (40), Maranhão (22), and Piauí (9) (Salles et al. 2015).We provide below, a list of new records of mayfly species to Pernambuco state.For each species, we list data on geographical distribution, and comments are made when necessary.
Remarks.Its presence in this study represents the first record of this genus from Northeastern region of Brazil.Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1996 (Figure 2A) Material examined: Cabrobó, Ilha de Assunção,
Distribution.Brazil: Pará.Remarks.So far, the species of the genus Brasilocaenis were restricted to the Amazonian basin.Its presence in Pernambuco extends the distribution of the genus outside the Amazonian basin and represents the first record of the genus in coastal basins in Brazil.Distribution.Brazil: Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

Caenis chamie
Remarks.Its presence in this study represents the first record of this species to Northeast region.species, however it presents some uncommon intermediate characteristics with the genus Brasilocaenis in the male imago.Thus, additional studies are necessary to confirm its generic status.
Remarks.The imago shows the penis with length almost equal to basal width (about 1.2×) and groove almost completely fused similar to T. bullus.However, the specimens analyzed here do not show peculiar spots on femur and tibia.This can be a populational variation, because no more relevant differences were found.Distribution.Brazil: Maranhão.Bolivia.
Remarks.Its presence in this study represents the first record of this species to Northeast region.