New state record of Lopesia grandis Maia , 2001 ( Insecta , Diptera , Cecidomyiidae )

Lopesia grandis (Insecta, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) is recorded for the first time in the state of Bahia. This species induces leaf galls on Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L.) Taub. (Fabaceae). The previous records included only the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, so the geographic distribution of this galling species is extended to the Northeast region of Brazil.

Lopesia Rübsaamen, 1908 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) is known from 23 galling species.The genus is mainly Neotropical, but includes one Nearctic, three Afrotropical, and one Australasian species (Gagné and Jaschhof 2014).In Brazil, Lopesia is represented by 18 described species, but there are records of five undetermined species, which are probably new (Maia and Ascendino 2011).
The genus has indistinct limits that comprises species with three or four-segmented palpi; male antennae with binodal or gynecoid flagellomeres, and three separate circumfila or interconnected circumfila (as in female); R5 joining C beyond the wing apex; Rs closer to the end of R1 than to the arculus; tarsal claws bowed near the basal third, generally toothed (simple only in L. licaniae Gagné, 1996); ovipositor short, barely protrusible and female cerci separate (Maia et al. 2010).
The species of this genus are easily recognizable based on morphological characters.Males, females, as well as larvae and pupae are important for identification.Rodrigues and Maia (2010) published an illustrated key to segregate the known species of Lopesia based on all described stages of the life cycle.Furthermore, the gall morphology is very useful to species identification, as it is unique to each galling species.
Dalbergia ecastophyllum occurs throughout the tropics of the Old and New Worlds.In the Neotropical region, it has been recorded from Florida (USA) to the Southern Brazil, reaching the state of Santa Catarina (Maia 2001).It is a scandent or semi-prostrate species, well adapted to high salinity, and with floating fruits, being easily found in estuaries, dunes, and mangroves, where helps to fix sand (Carvalho 1997).
This plant produces the red propolis, known by its high concentration of isoflavonoids and high antimicrobial, antioxidant and antifungal activities, being used in combating uterine inflammation, anemia, and menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, mood swings, osteoporosis, and ovarian cancer (Keller 2011).Therefore, it is an economically important plant.
Lopesia grandis Maia, 2001 was described based on specimens from the municipality of Maricá (state of Rio de Janeiro).Later, this gall midge was recorded in other restinga areas of the same state: Ilha Grande (municipality of Angra dos Reis), Carapebus, Jurubatiba, Camboinhas (municipality of Niterói), and Parque Ecológico Chico Mendes (municipality of Rio de Janeiro), as well as in the state of São Paulo (municipality of Bertioga) (Oliveira and Maia 2005;Maia 2001;Monteiro et al. 2004;Maia and Barros 2009;Maia et al. 2008, respectively).In this paper, the geographic distribution of Lopesia grandis is widened.
Individuals of Dalbergia ecastohyllum were investigated

NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
Maia | New record of Lopesia grandis Maia, 2001 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) removed from the dissected galls and mounted on microscope slide, following the methods of Gagné (1994); the three other galls were already empty.The mounted larvae and the dried galls were deposited in the collection of the Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro as voucher material.The gall midge species was identified based on both gall and larva morphology, according to the descriptions of Maia (2001).Leaf galls were found on Dalbergia ecastophyllum (Fabaceae).The galling species was identified as Lopesia grandis (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae).This midge has been recorded in restinga areas of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states (Maia 2013), so its geographic distribution was restricted to the Southeast region of Brazil.The new occurrence in Porto Seguro (Bahia) expands its area of distribution to the Northeast region of our country (Figure 3).All recorded localities are inserted in the Atlantic Forest (including the new one), suggesting that Lopesia grandis is restricted to this biome.Nevertheless, the host plant occurs also in the Amazonian Forest.As the host plant species is wide-spread in the tropics, Lopesia grandis can also have a wider distribution.It is necessary to survey the whole area of distribution of Dalbergia ecastophyllum to define the pattern of distribution of this galler.
for insect galls.The host plant was identified by the author.Galled leaves were photographed in field using a digital camera (Figure 2).Fifteen galls were removed from the host plant and transported in plastic bags: 10 were dissected in the laboratory, using a hand-held magnifier and five were dried and pressed.Seven galling larvae were

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Maps of Brazilian states and of Rio de Janeiro, showing the geographic distribution of Lopesia grandis Maia, 2001 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae).