First record of Juliomys ossitenuis Costa , Pavan , Leite & Fagundes , 2007 ( Rodentia , Sigmodontinae ) in Paraná state , southern Brazil

Juliomys ossitenuis was previously known from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, where it occurs in Dense Ombrophilous Forest. The record of the species in Floresta Nacional de Piraí do Sul, in Paraná state, confirmed by morphological and cytogenetic analyses, extends its distribution about 200 km southwards. This is the first record of the species in the state and in an area of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (Araucaria Forest).

Juliomys is a genus of sigmodontine rodent characterized by its small size (total length [TL] between tail length [TA] between 89-138 mm), tail the same length as or longer than the body length, brown coloration on the dorsum, grayish on the shoulders and anterior portion, orangish on the posterior portion of the dorsum and snout -with the exception of J. rimofrons whose snout has the same color as the dorsum (Oliveira and Bonvicino 2002;Pavan and Leite 2011) -and small feet covered by orangish-brown hairs (Bonvicino et al. 2008).The genus was described by González (2000) to account for the morphological differences between Wilfredomys oenax Thomas, 1928 andW. pictipes Osgood, 1933, with Juliomys pictipes designated as the type species of the new genus.
The three species of Juliomys can be distinguished by external morphology and cranial characters.For example, J. pictipes is larger than J. ossitenuis (TL: 170-238 mm versus 165-213 mm; TA: 92-138 mm versus 89-116 mm), J. rimofrons lacks the orangish coloration on the snout and has denser, longer, darker hairs; J. ossitenuis has a smaller, more delicate cranium, very similar to that of J. rimofrons, but J. ossitenuis has smaller posterolateral palatine pits and a more delicate mandible when compared to J. rimofrons (Costa et al. 2007).However, the most reliable method of identifying species in the genus is via cytogenetics, since J. pictipes has a 2n = 36 and FNa = 34 karyotype (Bonvicino and Otazu 1999), J. rimofrons has 2n = 20 and FNa = 34 (Oliveira and Bonvicino 2002), and J. ossitenuis has 2n = 20 and FNa = 36 (Costa et al. 2007).Futhermore, Paresque et al. (2009) described a new karyotype with 2n = 32 and FNa = 48 in three specimens of Parque Nacional dos Aparados da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul state, a high-altitude area in the Atlantic forest of southern Brazil, with the possibility of a new species for the genus.
The geographic distribution of J. ossitenuis was cited by Costa et al. (2007) and later updated and mapped by Pavan and Leite (2011) and Aguieiras et al. (2013).The known localities for the species are presented in Table 1 and Figure 2. Until this new record, J. ossitenuis was known only from the Atlantic Forest (the Dense Ombrophilous Forest vegetation type) in all the states of southeastern Brazil: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo.This article reports the first record of the species in Paraná state, southern Brazil, and in a new vegetation type, the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (Araucaria Forest).

NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
Curitiba, in Paraná state.The protected area is located on the First Paraná Plateau, a natural subzone of the Maracanã Plateau (Maack 2012), near the division between the First and Second Paraná Plateaus, in the east-central region of the state (Figure 2).The Floresta Nacional de Piraí do Sul is about 153 ha, of which 7.2 ha have been reforested with Araucaria angustifolia and Ocotea porosa, and 39 ha with Pinus elliotti and P. taeda planted in the 1970s and 1980s.An additional 13 ha are occupied by firebreaks, and the remaining ~93 ha are native Araucaria Forest in different stages of succession.The landscape surrounding the protected area is dominated by large-scale intensive agriculture, pastures, and monoculture Pinus plantations.The climate can be classified as temperate mesothermal subtropical (Cfb), according to the Köppen-Geiger's classification (Kottek et al. 2006) and the average temperature of the warmest month does not arrive at 22°C.The annual pluviosity is between 1,100-2,000 mm.Soils are primarily classified as a type known in Brazil as "Latossolo bruno" and elevation varies from 900-1,248 m a.s.l.An age class 2 (following Costa et al. 2007) male specimen of Juliomys ossitenuis was captured on 24 November 2012 (ICMBio Permit No. 35534-1, issued 30 August 2012) in a linear transect of pitfall traps, with four 60 L buckets connected by black canvas drift fence, set in riparian forest along a river measuring ~2 m wide (Figure 3).The sampling  effort of the campaign was 505 trap.nights for live traps, and 300 trap.nights for pitfall traps.In the same habitat and sampling campaign we also captured Akodon montensis (n = 10), Brucepattersonius iheringi (n = 2), Didelphis aurita (n = 1), Oligoryzomys nigripes (n = 5) and Thaptomys nigrita (n = 1).The individual was prepared as skin and skull (Table 2 for external and craniodental measurements and Figure 5 for skull picture).It was karyotyped (Figure 4) following the techniques proposed by Ford and Hamerton (1956), with modifications proposed by Sbalqueiro and Nascimento (1996).The skin, skull, tissue, and genetic material are housed at Museu de História Natural do Capão da Imbuia (MHNCI), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil under collection number MHNCI 6478.The morphology of the specimen matches that described by Costa et al. (2007), including a small body size (177-213 mm), short soft pelage, a dark orangish dorsum, a cream-white belly with   markedly orangish portions of the snout and haunches, a tail slightly longer than the body length (103-116 mm), and hind feet short (19-22 mm) and wide, covered with light orangish hairs.We documented 2n = 20 and FNa = 36 (15 cells counted), all the autosomals are bi-armed, varying between metacentric and submetacentric.The sexual pair has a metacentric X chromosome and a large acrocentric Y chromosome, as previously described by Costa et al. (2007).This new record highlights the need for a greater inventory effort in inland areas, where less is known about the geographic distribution of small non-volant mammal taxa in the Neotropics.Inventories are especially high priority in the vegetation types associated with the Mixed Ombrophilous Forests of Brazil's Southern Plateau, whose original extension has been severely reduced due to a variety of historical anthropogenic impacts (Ribeiro et al. 2009).The record of Juliomys ossitenuis in Paraná state extends its distribution to southern Brazil and to Araucaria Forest, where it was not previously known to occur.It likewise highlights the important role played by protected areas, even small ones, in conserving small non-volant mammals.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Map of the known distribution of Juliomys ossitenuis in Brazil, in Atlantic Forest biome, and in Mixed Ombrophilous Forest.The star indicates the Floresta Nacional de Piraí do Sul, Paraná state, where this study registered the species in November 2012 (MHNCI 6478).

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of skull and lateral view of the mandible of and adult, male, Juliomys ossitenuis (MHNCI 6478) from Floresta Nacional de Piraí do Sul, Paraná state, Brazil.
and Paraguay (De la Sancha et al. 2009).Moreover, Juliomys ossitenuis and J. pictipes are sympatric at four known localities: Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande, Mulheres and Museros in São Paulo state; and Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, in Rio de Janeiro state (Table