New records of thirteen Asteraceae from state of Bahia , Brazil

The Serra Geral of Licínio de Almeida (SGLA) is a chain of mountains included within Caatinga biome in the municipality of Licínio de Almeida, state of Bahia, located in the central portion of Espinhaço Mountain Range. From a previous floristic treatment undertaken in the SGLA, 13 new records were found for the state of Bahia, with four genera and six species from Vernonieae, three genera and five species from Heliantheae and two genera and two species from Eupatorieae.

Espinhaço Moutain Range is a chain of mountains located at 10°00′-20°35′ S and 040°10′-044°30′ W, from Ouro Preto municipality, state of Minas Gerais, to Jacobina municipality, state of Bahia, where is referred to as Chapada Diamantina.It is composed mostly of Pre-Cambrian sandstone and metamorphic rocks, from which derive highly poor and acid soils (Harley 1995).These mountains have a latitudinal extension of about 1,100 km (Giulietti et al. 1997) and a longitudinal extension of 50-100 km.The altitude ranging from 700-2,000 m (Harley 1995).
Serra Geral of Licínio de Almeida (SGLA) is located in the central portion of Espinhaço Mountain Range, occupying a long and narrow belt west of the municipality of Licínio de Almeida (Figure 1), southeast state of Bahia.It extends through an area of about 24,000 ha between 14°25′-14°50′ S and 042°35′-042°30′ W, with altitudes ranging from 700-1,230 m.Different phytophysiognomies are found within the SGLA as Caatinga, Steppe and Wooded Savanna (sensu IBGE 2012), Campos Rupestres and Gallery Forests (Lower Montane Forests sensu Oliveira-Filho et al. 2006).The latter two occur from 900-1200 m, with Campos Rupestres occurring in lower altitudes than other areas throughout Espinhaço Mountains.
The SGLA acts as a biodiversity corridor between Espinhaço Range (state of Minas Gerais) and Chapada Diamantina (state of Bahia) and is included in a priority area for conservation within Espinhaço Mountain Range (Silva et al. 2008;Zappi 2008).
A total of seven field expeditions were performed between July 2011 and May 2013.All collected specimens were included in HUEFS and ALCB herbaria.Species were identified using specialized literature (protologue and specific literature on the studied genera), as well as consulting type specimens (specimen and e-types).The most important reference collections for state of Bahia and Espinhaço Mountain Range were consulted: ALCB, BHCB, CEPEC, HUEFS, HUNEB DCH/VI, HB, HRB, MBM, R, RB, SP and SPF (acronyms according to Thiers 2014).
Maps were generated using ArcGIS software (ESRI 2010).Diagnostic characters, comments on the habitat occupied within the SGLA and its distribution in Brazil are presented for each species.

Aldama bracteata (Gardner) E.E. Schill. & Panero
Aldama bracteata is characterized by leaves alternate and sessile, lamina lanceolate to linear, base attenuate to cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, branches with a single terminal head, involucral bracts with 4-5(-6) series and cypselae setose.This species is endemic to Brazil, occurring in the states of Minas Gerais, Distrito Federal, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul (Nakajima et al. 2014).It was collected at the SGLA and on the municipality of Urandi, Bahia, within Campos Rupestres in altitudes between 1039 and 1115 m.

Aspilia eglerii J.U.Santos
This species differs from the others within the genus by its petiolate leaves, four series of involucral bracts, involucre cylindrical and pappus coroniform, with awns lacking (Santos 2001).This species was known only by its type collection from Diamantina municipality, Minas Gerais.In the SGLA, it was collected in Wooded Savanna (Figure 2a).Additional specimens examined: Minas Gerais: Diamantina, W. Englers s.n., I-1947 (Holotype: RB 59679).

Aspilia floribunda (Gardner) Baker
This species differs from other of the genus by its leaves linear to linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, head corymbose, involucral bracts in four series with the apex acuminate, caudate or cuspidate, pappus formed by two conspicuous awns (Santos 2001).This species is endemic to Brazil with records in the North (Tocantins), Northeast (Piauí), Midwest (Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso), Southeast (Minas Gerais, São Paulo) and South (Paraná) (Nakajima et al. 2014).In the SGLA, it was collected on roadsides and Campos Rupestres vegetation.(Figure 2b).apex pungent, mucronate, one flower per head, pappus with external serie escamiform, inconspicuous or lacking internal serie palleaceous, whitish.L. ramosissima was known by a few specimens collected at Espinhaço Range, in state of Minas Gerais.In the SGLA, it was collected at Wooded Savanna and Campo Rupestre (Figures 2d and 2g).

Mikania obtusata DC.
This species is characterized by its shrubby and erect habit, laminas oblong, apex obtuse, shortly petiolate (up to 2 cm long), bracteole linear, bracts with apex obtuse and cypselae pilose with glandular hairs.This species is endemic to Brazil with records in the States of Minas Gerais and São Paulo.In the SGLA, M. obtusata was collected in Wooded Savanna.(Figure 2c).

Proteopsis argentea Mart. & Zucc. ex Sch. Bip.
Proteopsis argentea can be recognized by its silver branches and leaves, leaves whorled, head forming glomerulus disposed at the apex of scapes, involucral bracts with apex acuminate, pungent, corolla lilac and pappus lacking.It was regarded as endemic to Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, where its populations are fragmented (Jesus et al. 2001).In the SGLA this species was collected in Campo Rupestre, in grass on sandy soils (Figure 2f).

Riencourtia oblongifolia Gardner
Riencourtia oblongifolia differs from other species in the genus by its laminas with (4) 7-16 mm wide, elliptic, margin plane and three conspicuous veins.This species is recorded in Bolivia, North, Midwest and Southeast Brazil in Cerrado sensu stricto (Bringel Jr. and Cavalcanti 2009).Within the SGLA, it was collected in Steppe Savanna.

Trichogonia hirtiflora (DC.) Sch. Bip. ex Baker
This species is recognized by its lamina ovate to triangular, margin crenate, base cordate to truncate and abaxial surface with prominent veins, bullate.Trichogonia hirtiflora was

Eremanthus polycephalus (DC.) MacLeish
This species has as its diagnostic characters: heads with syncephaly, forming hemispheric glomerulus, involucre cylindrical, one flower per head and pappus pinkish.It is endemic to Espinhaço Range in state of Minas Gerais, occurring in Campo Rupestre vegetation (MacLeish 1987).In the SGLA it was collected within Cerrado.(Figure 2h).
This species shows tomentose branches, leaves spirally arranged, ovate, base cordiform, sessile, apex mucronate, corolla lobes with glandular hairs and cypselae setose.Lepidaploa barbata is endemic to Brazil with records in Midwest (Distrito Federal, Goiás and Mato Grosso) and Southeast (Minas Gerais, São Paulo) (Nakajima et al. 2014) This species is recognized by its laminas linear, sessile, apex rounded to obtuse, head scorpioid and corolla lobes glabrate.This species is found in Bolívia, Paraguay and Brazil (Tropicos 2014).In Brazil it is recorded in Midwest (Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso) and Southeast, within State of Minas Gerais (Nakajima et al. 2014).At the SGLA L. laevigatus was collected in Campo Rupestre.
The is diagnostic characters of this species are leaves narrow-elliptic, abaxial surface glabrous, heads solitary or in corymbose panicles, involucral bracts in five series and lanceolate.This species is endemic to Brazil with records on the North (Pará, Tocantins), Midwest (Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul), Southeast (Minas Gerais, São Paulo) and South (Paraná) (Nakajima et al. 2014).In the SGLA, L. psilophyllus was collected in Wooded Savanna.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Serra Geral and collecting points of the species in the Licínio de Almeida municipality, Bahia, Brazil.