Passalidae ( Coleoptera : Scarabaeoidea ) from Ilha Grande ( Angra dos Reis , RJ ) with new diagnosis and distributional records in Brazil

A survey of the Passalidae species recorded to the Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is presented, with illustrations for each species and a key with diagnosis for genera. Passalus (P.) denticollis Kaup, 1869 and Veturius (V.) transversus Dalman, 1817 was the relative abundance most dominate, representing almost 50% of relative abundance of species in each genus respectively. The study included material collected between January and December of 2008 and it results in 13 species included in four genera and two tribes (Passalini and Proculini). Passalini comprised ten species (Passalus, Spasalus and Paxillus), representing 71.42% of all species. Proculini with three species belong only Veturius, representing 28.57%. Among the 13 species, 12 are registered by first time from Ilha Grande. Veturius (Veturius) sinuatus was the unique species with distribution confirmed and Spasalus cristinae known only Sao Paulo had the distribution extended to Rio de Janeiro.

The species play an important role as primary decomposers related to the volume of nutrients in tropical rainforests, with a possible bioindicators to enumerate priority conservation areas (Schuster 1985, Schuster et al. 2000;Fonseca and Reyes-Castillo 2004).
The passalids are morphologically homogeneous group that inhabits decaying trunks, preferably angiosperms, while gymnosperms are rarely colonized, only some species of Aulacocyclinae and Passalinae, especially Proculini (Boucher 2006).
All passalids have subsocial behavior among all members of the colony involving complex acoustic communication among adults and larvae (Reyes-Castillo and Jarman 1980and 1983, Schuster 1983, Reyes-Castillo and Halffter 1984), highlighting Schuster (1975Schuster ( , 1985)), who developed more detailed studies involving sound analysis and behavioral categories.
There are few systematic studies for the family, which that stand out Kaup (1871), Gravely (1918), Luederwaldt (1931) and Reyes-Castillo (1970).Recently, a phylogenetic study published by Boucher (2006) presented an extensive discussion of the systematic and a review of Abstract: A survey of the Passalidae species recorded to the Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is presented, with illustrations for each species and a key with diagnosis for genera.Passalus (P.) denticollis Kaup, 1869 and Veturius (V.) transversus Dalman, 1817 was the relative abundance most dominate, representing almost 50% of relative abundance of species in each genus respectively.The study included material collected between January and December of 2008 and it results in 13 species included in four genera and two tribes (Passalini and Proculini).Passalini comprised ten species (Passalus, Spasalus and Paxillus), representing 71.42% of all species.Proculini with three species belong only Veturius, representing 28.57%.Among the 13 species, 12 are registered by first time from Ilha Grande.Veturius (Veturius) sinuatus was the unique species with distribution confirmed and Spasalus cristinae known only São Paulo had the distribution extended to Rio de Janeiro.
December 2008, in the following trails of Vila Dois Rios, 23°11′5″ S e 44°11′27″ W -(Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, RJ): 1) Cavalinho; 2) Caxadaço; 3) Jararaca; 4) Parnaioca; and 5) urban perimeter of the Village.The insects were collect manually through accurate examine of fallen trunks in the trails during the Project Diversity and faunistic analysis of Coleoptera in Atlantic Forest (Angra dos Reis -RJ, Ilha Grande, Vila Dois Rios), coordinated by the junior author.The data collect effort included four people with active search bear knives and tweezers for better investigation of decayed wood.
Material examined is listed for all species.When additional material indicated a new record, this is provided in the item distribution.List of species names is presented in alphabetical order of tribe, genus and species, with original citation and the recent catalogue for the species from Brazil (Fonseca and Reyes-Castillo 2004).The tribe Proculini included citation of recent revision realized by Boucher (2006).The terminology follows Boucher (op.cit.) and Mattos and Mermudes, (2013).Illustrations were made with the aid of a Leica MZ 7.5 stereomicroscope fitted with a drawing tube.Castillo, 2004: 13 (cat.).
A new records assigned in Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis (Ilha Grande) and Cachoeiras de Macacu.
The distribution is assigned in Rio de Janeiro State from Angra dos Reis (Ilha Grande) and São Gonçalo.Gravely (1918: 48).
Paxillus leachi MacLeay, 1819 were recently redescribed by Mattos & Mermudes (2013), which assigned Angra dos Reis (Ilha Grande) in Rio de Janeiro based on material collected in Vila Dois Rios.This species has a wide distribution, occurring from Mexico to Argentina.
Distribution.Brazil: São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (present paper).The new localities assigned include (Ilha Grande and Casimiro de Abreu).
the species occurring in Rio de Janeiro State.Spasalus cristinae Santos-Silva, 2000 known only from São Paulo has the distributional record extend to Rio de Janeiro State.The genus Popilius Kaup, 1871, with a single species from southeast (Popilius refugicornis Bührnheim, 1962) was not found, it is known for the states of Espírito Santo,

Table 1 .
Species of Passalinae from the Rio de Janeiro and Ilha Grande.