A range extension of Striped Manakin Machaeropterus striolatus ( Bonaparte , 1838 ) ( Aves : Pipridae ) based on records from southwestern Brazilian Amazon

The Western Striped Manakin Machaeropterus striolatus (Bonaparte, 1838) was for many years considered a subspecies of the Striped Manakin Machaeropterus regulus (Hahn, 1819). However, the two forms have a highly disjunct distribution, with M. regulus being found only in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, and the two forms differ markedly in their vocal repertoire and, to a lesser extent, their plumage (Snow 2004). The Western Striped Manakin is found in the western Amazon basin, from the foothills of the Andes to the lowlands of Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guyana (Snow 2004; InfoNatura 2007; Ridgely and Tudor 2009; Figure 1). While this species is relatively well known from specimens collected in the far western Amazon basin, this study presents evidence that this species may also occur in the lowlands further east, from a review of the historical records of specimens deposited in the ornithological collection of the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi in Belém, Brazil (Table 1). In 1976, Mr. Geraldo Pereira da Silva, an employee of the Evandro Chagas Institute in Belém, collected a pair of Striped Manakins in the vicinity of the town of Manoel Urbano (near the BR-364 highway) in central Acre (Figure 1; Table 1). Guilherme (2009) recorded the occurrence of M. striolatus in central Acre based on the analysis of the historical records of the species within this region. As it was outside the known range of the species at that time, this record already pointed to an extension of its distribution to the lowland Amazon basin, extending from northeastern Peru (Schulenberg et al. 2010) and western Acre (Whittaker and Oren 1999; Guilherme and Borges 2011) to the southwestern Brazilian Amazon basin. On June 4th, 2010, during a diagnostic survey of the area earmarked for the construction of a power transmission line between Porto Velho, in the Brazilian state of Rondônia, and Rio Branco, in Acre, I collected a female Striped Manakin (MPEG 70975, Figure 2). This female was caught in a mistnet in the vicinity of the village of Fortaleza do Abunã, Abstract: This study extends the distribution of Machaeropterus striolatus in southwestern Brazilian Amazon based on two specimens deposited in the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, in Brazil. One specimen came from Manoel Urbano in central Acre, and the other was obtained in the village of Fortaleza do Abunã in Rondônia. The specimen from Rondônia extends the known distribution of the species by approximately 450 km southeast of its known distribution. The records presented here indicate that the M. striolatus ranges much further into the lowlands of southwestern Amazonia than previously assumed. Universidade Federal do Acre, Museu Universitário, Laboratório de Ornitologia. Campus Universitário, BR 364, Km 04, Distrito industrial, CEP 69915-900. Rio Branco, AC, Brazil. E-mail: guilherme@ufac.br Edson Guilherme A range extension of Striped Manakin Machaeropterus striolatus (Bonaparte, 1838) (Aves: Pipridae) based on records from southwestern Brazilian Amazon


INTRODUCTION
Decapod crustaceans represent one of the most important groups of the megafauna in the consolidated and unconsolidated sublittoral, mostly comprising members of the infraorders Caridea, Brachyura and Anomura (Martin and Davis 2001;De Grave et al. 2009).The distribution of decapod crustaceans along the Brazilian coast is constantly changing, not only with an increasing number of species that inhabit these waters via the introduction of exotic species (Tavares and Amouroux 2003;Tavares and Mendonça 2004;Almeida et al. 2012b), or description of new species (Brandão et al. 2012;Almeida et al. 2013Almeida et al. , 2014;;Soledade et al. 2013), but also by the expansion of the distribution limits of these organisms (Martinelli and Isaac 2001;Targino et al. 2001;Cobo et al. 2002;Alves et al. 2006;Camargo et al. 2010;Hirose 2012;Rosa and Almeida 2012;Rosa 2013Rosa , 2014;;Sousa et al. 2014;Barros-Alves et al. in press).However, studies that aim to describe the diversity of the decapod crustaceans in some states in the north and northeast of Brazil are still scarce.This scenario has been minimized by conducting large surveys, such as those undertaken by REVIZEE Program: "Programme for the Evaluation of the Sustainable Potential of the Living Resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone" (Cabral et al. 2000;Viana et al. 2003;Coelho Filho 2006) and specific studies carried out in recent decades in some states of the north and northeast of Brazil (e.g.Coelho 1971;Almeida et al. 2003Almeida et al. , 2006Almeida et al. , 2012a;;Coelho et al. 2007;Almeida and Coelho 2008;Alencar et al. 2013).
Thus, to enhance our understanding about the geographical distribution of decapod crustaceans, this study presents seven new records of occurrence of decapod crustaceans, including four caridean shrimps, one anomuran and two brachyuran crabs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples were taken during a sampling program for decapod crustaceans, conducted from January 2012 to June 2015 in two environments: 1) the continental shelf, between the mouth of the Sergipe River and the Vaza-Barris River, in isobaths of 5, 15 and 30 m, through trawls performed by a shrimping boat equipped with a Eastern Atlantic -São Tomé and Príncipe (Almeida et al. 2013;this study).
Remarks: The specimens examined were collected in estuarine environment, on intertidal zone, living in an unidentified sponge found on mangrove roots, at a salinity of 38.(Ríos & Duffy, 2007)  double-rig net; 2) the estuary of the Vaza-Barris River, where decapods were sampled via active search with the use of hand nets.All sampling was carried out according to state and federal laws regulating wildlife collection (SISBIO #24097-1).

Synalpheus ul
In the laboratory, specimens were identified according to the specific literature (Holthuis 1993;Melo 1996Melo , 1999;;   Remarks: The specimens examined were collected in biogenic substrates mainly composed of an unidentified Bryozoa, in 30 m depth, at a salinity of 38.The present specimens agree with the description provided by Ríos and Duffy (2007): presence of the scaphocerite blade reduced, acute lateral spine robust, not overreaching antennular peduncle, slightly shorter than basicerite lateral spine (Figure 2A); the second pereiopod with carpus 5-segmented, slightly longer than merus (Figure 2B); and uropods with five fixed teeth on outer margin of exopod (Figure 2C).
Remarks: The specimens examined were collected on sand bottom, at 5 m depth, at a salinity of 39.The present material agrees with the description provided  by Udekem d'Acoz (2000): the presence of the rostrum with seven dorsal teeth: three in postrostral position and four in rostral position; two ventral teeth close to rostrum tip (Figure 4A); antennular peduncle with stylocerite overreaching outer border of basal segment; accessory branch of outer antennular flagellum with four articles (Figure 4B); and second pereiopod with merus subdivided in 17 segments (Figure 4C).However, the carpus of second pereiopod is subdivided in 23 segments (Figure 4C), agrees with the description provided by Almeida et al. (2007) and Santos et al. (2012).This variation found in morphology of carpus in the second pereiopod indicates that L. cf.intermedia is a species complex (Almeida et al. 2007;Anker et al. 2009;Santos et al. 2012).
Remarks: The specimens examined were collected on sand bottom, in 30 m depth, obtained along with biogenic substrates mainly composed of an unidentified bryozoan, at a salinity of 39.
Remarks: The specimens examined were collected on sand bottom, in 30 m depth, obtained along with biogenic substrates mainly composed of an unidentified bryozoan, at a salinity of 40.
Remarks: The specimens examined were collected on sand bottom, at 30 m depth, obtained along with biogenic substrates mainly composed of an unidentified bryozoan, at a salinity of 37.

DISCUSSION
The richness of decapod crustaceans from the coast of Sergipe was uncertain until the pioneering study conducted by Coelho et al. (1983).This research, which aimed to evaluate the decapod fauna of the state recorded about 40 species and was subsequently expanded by Coelho et al. (2004), which added 11 new species.More recently, other eight species were recorded in this region by the studies of Hirose (2012), Rosa and Almeida (2012), Rosa (2013Rosa ( , 2014) ) and Sousa et al. (2014).In this study, we expanded the knowledge of this fauna in the state of Sergipe with the recording of seven additional decapod species.
The new records of decapod crustaceans from the coast of Sergipe fill a knowledge gap in the geographical distribution of these species, which were previously known from states adjacent to Sergipe (Alagoas and Bahia).It is noteworthy that among decapod crustaceans recorded by this study, some have cryptic habits, such as L. cf.intermedia (Udekem d'Acoz 2000; Almeida et al. 2007;Santos et al. 2012) and/or live typically in association with others invertebrates (e.g., A. buckupi) (Almeida et al. 2013), making it important to use alternative sampling techniques.In addition, there is a need to increase sampling efforts in consolidated substrates, because some of these species, such as L. bahia (Rhyne &Lin 2006) andL. cf. intermedia (Udekem d'Acoz 2000;Almeida et al. 2007), commonly occupy crevices and refuges in these type of substrates.
d'Udekem d'Acoz 2000;Rhyne and Lin 2006;Ríos and Duffy 2007;Almeida et al. 2013; Soledade  and Almeida 2013).The classification adopted in this study follows DeGrave et al. (2009).The brachyuran crabs were measured by carapace width (CW), hermit crabs by the cephalothoracic shield length (CSL) and the caridean shrimps by the carapace length (CL), using a digital caliper (accuracy 0.01 mm) and, when necessary, a stereomicroscope equipped with imaging and measuring tools.Specimens were classified with the following demographic categories: adult male, nonovigerous adult female, ovigerous females and juveniles.The specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in the scientific collection of the Carcinology Laboratory of the Federal University of Sergipe (CARCINO), and in the Carcinological collection of the Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo (MZUSP).