First report of Artibeus bogotensis Andersen , 1906 ( Chiroptera : Phyllostomidae ) for Peru

Artibeus bogotensis Andersen, 1906 was recognized as a full species by Lim et al. (2008), however, the taxonomic history of A. bogotensis is intertwined with Artibeus cinereus Gervais, 1856 and Artibeus glaucus Thomas, 1893. Initially, A. bogotensis was described as a larger size subspecies of A. cinereus, distributed from central Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (Andersen 1906, 1908), and the nominal subspecies A. c. cinereus recognized by Andersen (1906) was characterized by its smaller size and distribution, from northeast Venezuela through the Guianas to Pará, Brazil. The character used by Andersen (1906, 1908) to distinguish A. cinereus (including bogotensis) from A. glaucus was the absence or presence of m3 (lower third molar), respectively. Handley (1987), based on skull measurements, reassessed the taxonomic affinities of bogotensis and recommended its placement as a subspecies of A. glaucus. Recently, Lim et al. (2008), based on morphological and molecular data, reexamined the status of Artibeus glaucus bogotensis and suggested the recognition of A. bogotensis as a full species, different from A. cinereus and A. glaucus. According to Lim et al. (2008), A. bogotensis is restricted to northern South America including eastern Colombia (Andersen 1906; Allen 1916; Hershkovitz 1949; Handley 1987), Venezuela (Andersen 1908; Handley 1987; Ochoa et al. 1993; Ochoa 1995), Guyana (Thomas 1901; Smith and Kerry 1996; Lim and Engstrom 2000, 2001; Lim and Norman 2002), and Suriname (Lim et al. 2005), but absent from French Guiana (Sampaio et al. 2003; Martins et al. 2006), and Peru. However, a reexamination of one small Artibeus, deposited at the Museo de Historia Natural of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (MUSM), showed that this specimen (MUSM 1320) exhibits the characteristics described by Lim et al. (2008) for A. bogotensis, and prompted us to present this work as the first report of A. bogotensis for Peru. We also include morphological and morphometric data for this species. Abstract: Artibeus bogotensis (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) is reported for the first time for Peru. This record is based on the re-identification of a subadult female specimen collected at the Jenaro Herrera Research Center, District of Jenaro Herrera, Province of Requena, Department of Loreto, Peru. The comparative study between Artibeus bogotensis and other Artibeus species (Artibeus glaucus and Artibeus anderseni) was based on morphological and morphometric analyses. This noteworthy record means an expansion of its known distribution and, also, adds another bat species for Peru. 1 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Departamento de Mastozoología. Apartado 14-0434, Lima-14, Peru. 2 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Lima, Peru. * Corresponding author: E-mail: wcalderonsv@yahoo.es Wendy Calderón 1* and Victor Pacheco 1,2 First report of Artibeus bogotensis Andersen, 1906 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) for Peru


Artibeus bogotensis
was recognized as a full species by Lim et al. (2008), however, the taxonomic history of A. bogotensis is intertwined with Artibeus cinereus Gervais, 1856 and Artibeus glaucus Thomas, 1893.Initially, A. bogotensis was described as a larger size subspecies of A. cinereus, distributed from central Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (Andersen 1906(Andersen , 1908)), and the nominal subspecies A. c. cinereus recognized by Andersen (1906) was characterized by its smaller size and distribution, from northeast Venezuela through the Guianas to Pará, Brazil.The character used by Andersen (1906Andersen ( , 1908) ) to distinguish A. cinereus (including bogotensis) from A. glaucus was the absence or presence of m3 (lower third molar), respectively.Handley (1987), based on skull measurements, reassessed the taxonomic affinities of bogotensis and recommended its placement as a subspecies of A. glaucus.
Recently, Lim et al. (2008), based on morphological and molecular data, reexamined the status of Artibeus glaucus bogotensis and suggested the recognition of A. bogotensis as a full species, different from A. cinereus and A. glaucus.
According to Lim et al. (2008), A. bogotensis is restricted to northern South America including eastern Colombia (Andersen 1906;Allen 1916;Hershkovitz 1949;Handley 1987), Venezuela (Andersen 1908;Handley 1987;Ochoa et al. 1993;Ochoa 1995), Guyana (Thomas 1901;Smith and Kerry 1996;Lim andEngstrom 2000, 2001;Lim and Norman 2002), and Suriname (Lim et al. 2005), but absent from French Guiana (Sampaio et al. 2003;Martins et al. 2006), and Peru.However, a reexamination of one small Artibeus, deposited at the Museo de Historia Natural of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (MUSM), showed that this specimen (MUSM 1320) exhibits the characteristics described by Lim et al. (2008) for A. bogotensis, and prompted us to present this work as the first report of A. bogotensis for Peru.We also include morphological and morphometric data for this species.
Abstract: Artibeus bogotensis (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) is reported for the first time for Peru.This record is based on the re-identification of a subadult female specimen collected at the Jenaro Herrera Research Center, District of Jenaro Herrera, Province of Requena, Department of Loreto, Peru.The comparative study between Artibeus bogotensis and other Artibeus species (Artibeus glaucus and Artibeus anderseni) was based on morphological and morphometric analyses.This noteworthy record means an expansion of its known distribution and, also, adds another bat species for Peru.

for Peru
Our specimen is a subadult captured in the Jenaro Herrera Research Center, Province of Requena, Department of Loreto, Peru, at ca. 130 m, by César Ascorra and consists of skin and skull in good condition.This specimen was previously identified as Artibeus gnomus Handley, 1987(Ascorra et al. 1993).The CIJH is located on the right bank of the Ucayali River characterized by the presence of sandy soil of tertiary and quaternary alluvial sediments and different types of vegetation of upland forest and forest bajial (Spichiger et al. 1989).The canopy in this area reaches 25-30 meters, and average precipitation is approximately 2521 mm/year.(Ascorra et al. 1993;Gorchov et al. 1995).
This study reports the first record of A. bogotensis for Peru, extending the distribution of this species at least 500 km southward from the closest locality (Figure 1), and adding one more bat species to the currently 168 known from Peru (Pacheco et al. 2009;Lim et al. 2010;Velazco andCadenillas 2011, Velazco et al. 2011).
This specimen has the external and cranial characteristics described for A. bogotensis (Marques-Aguiar 2008; Lim et al. 2008): bicolored hair, contrasting white facial lines above and below the eyes, white edge on  ears, and short dorsal hairs which do not extend beyond the posterior edge of the interfemoral membrane (Figure 2).Artibeus glaucus has indistinct facial lines, indistinct white edge on ears, and longer dorsal hairs which extend beyond the posterior edge of the interfemoral membrane.Our specimen also has a short face, an orbitorostral region mildly developed, narrow postorbital region, and no third (Figure 3).The absence of the third lower molar and the dorsal hairs not extending beyond the posterior edge of the interfemoral membrane are shared with Artibeus anderseni Osgood, 1916, which also presents rostrum usually elevated anteriorly, and frontal region of skull rounded (Marques-Aguiar 2008).Lim et al. (2008) stated that the postorbital region of the skull of A. bogotensis is narrow, but re-examining the specimens we concluded that this feature exhibits variability.Furthermore, we found that the concavity located between the mandibular condyle and the angular process is more pronounced in A. bogotensis, with the angular process acquiring a sharp and elongated appearance (Figure 4).In A. glaucus the curvature is less developed, resulting in a short and rounded angular process also observed in A. anderseni (Figure 4).
Our specimen of A. bogotensis (MUSM 1320) is smaller in some variables presented by Lim et al. (2008).For example, in our specimen the variables GLS, MB, MTRL and COH are smaller than the range of variation presented by Lim et al. (2008) for this species (Table 1).We had expected this smaller size in some variables due to our specimen being a subadult.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Map of distribution in South America of Artibeus bogotensis (circles), including the new record for Peru (star).

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Skin of Artibeus bogotensis, illustrating the white lines above and below the eyes, and the white edge of the ears.