First record for the state of Rondônia and revised distribution map of Chiroderma trinitatum Goodwin , 1958 ( Mammalia : Chiroptera : Phyllostomidae ) in Brazil

In the present work we report the first record of Chiroderma trinitatum Goodwin, 1958 for the state of Rondônia, northern Brazil. A map with all known records of C. trinitatum from Brazil is also presented. The record is based on a fluid preserved specimen with skull removed. The new record, though expected, fills a distributional gap in the Amazonic region of Brazil. 1 Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Mastozoologia, Caixa Postal 42694. CEP 04299-970. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 2 Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, campus Sede. CEP 08780-911. Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: gstgarbino@hotmail.com Guilherme Siniciato Terra Garbino 1*, Carla Cristina de Aquino 1 and Caroline Cotrim Aires 2 First record for the state of Rondônia and revised distribution map of Chiroderma trinitatum Goodwin, 1958 (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Brazil The Neotropical genus Chiroderma Peters, 1860 comprises six species that occur in Mexico, southward to continental Central America and the Antilles to southern South America (Gardner 2008; Taddei and Lim 2010). The five South American species, Chiroderma doriae Thomas, 1891, C. salvini Dobson, 1878, C. trinitatum Goodwin, 1958, C. villosum Peters, 1860 and C. vizottoi Taddei and Lim, 2010, all have a small to medium-sized forearm (3854 millimeters) and a skull length that varies between 20 and 29 mm (Gardner 2008; Taddei and Lim 2010). The only South American species not known in Brazil is C. salvini, although it has been recorded on the Bolivian border, in the department of Pando, near the northern bank of the Madre de Dios river (Anderson 1997). C. villosum is widely distributed in the Brazilian territory, occurring in 19 states in northern, central, eastern and southern Brazil (Gardner 2008, Peracchi et al. 2011). The remaining three species have a more restricted distribution: C. doriae occurs in Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Pantanal habitats, and is known to occur only in eastern and central Brazil and southern Paraguay (Gregorin 1998; Gardner 2008); the recently described C. vizottoi is considered to be endemic to the Caatinga biome in northeastern Brazil (Taddei and Lim 2010); and C. trinitatum is endemic to the Amazon basin (Baker et al. 1994; Taddei and Lim 2010; Bernard et al. 2011), where it occurs sympatrically with C. villosum (Gardner 2008). Two subspecies of C. trinitatum were recognized by Gardner (2008): C. t. gorgasi Handley, 1960 and C. t. trinitatum Goodwin, 1958. These subspecies represent two allopatric populations, with C. t. gorgasi distributed west of the Andes, in Colombia Ecuador, and Panama, and C. t. trinitatum occurring in eastern Ecuador, eastern Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, Guianas, Peru, Bolivia, and in the Amazon basin of Brazil. Although C. trinitatum has been reported to occur on a number of localities from South America (e.g. Gardner 1976; Anderson 1997; Simmons and Voss 1998; Lim and Engstrom 2000; Montenegro and Romero-Ruiz 2000), only eight locality records are known in Brazil (Pine et al. 1970; Reis and Peracchi 1987; Taddei et al. 1990; Nogueira et al. 1999; Kalko and Handley 2001; Bernard and Fenton 2002; Sampaio et al. 2003; Martins et al. 2006; review in Bernard et al. 2011). This study aims to report the first record of C. trinitatum for the state of Rondônia, northern Brazil, and to provide a map showing all known locality records for this species in Brazil. The present record is based on a fluid preserved specimen with skull removed that is deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), under the collection number MZUSP 35026 and field number MC 018. It is an adult female and was captured with mist nets on July 14, 2001, between the municipalities of Monte Negro and Cacaulândia, at the right bank of the Jamari river (10°17’40” S 63°19’31” W, 143 m a.s.l.), in an Amazon forest area (Figure 1). The specimen was considered adult based on the fused epiphyses of the metacarpals and phalanxes. The following cranial and external measurements were taken (following Vizotto and Taddei 1973) using a digital caliper: greatest length of the skull (GLS), postorbital breadth (PB), maxillary toothrow length (C-M), mandibular toothrow length (c-m), lower molar series length (lm), width across upper molars (MM), width across upper canines (C-C), length of mandible (LMA), forearm length (FA), length of the first phalanx of the third digit (1P3) and length of the second phalanx of the third digit (2P3). We measured a total of 38 specimens of C. doriae, C. salvini, C. villosum, and C. trinitatum for comparison. Measurements of the holotype of C. trinitatum were obtained from Goodwin (1958). The measured specimens are deposited in the MZUSP and Museo de la Salle, Bogotá (MLS) collections.

, only eight locality records are known in Brazil (Pine et al. 1970;Reis and Peracchi 1987;Taddei et al. 1990;Nogueira et al. 1999;Kalko and Handley 2001;Bernard and Fenton 2002;Sampaio et al. 2003;Martins et al. 2006;review in Bernard et al. 2011).This study aims to report the first record of C. trinitatum for the state of Rondônia, northern Brazil, and to provide a map showing all known locality records for this species in Brazil.
The present record is based on a fluid preserved specimen with skull removed that is deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), under the collection number MZUSP 35026 and field number MC 018.It is an adult female and was captured with mist nets on July 14, 2001, between the municipalities of Monte Negro and Cacaulândia, at the right bank of the Jamari river (10°17'40" S 63°19'31" W, 143 m a.s.l.), in an Amazon forest area (Figure 1).The specimen was considered adult based on the fused epiphyses of the metacarpals and phalanxes.The following cranial and external measurements were taken (following Vizotto and Taddei 1973) using a digital caliper: greatest length of the skull (GLS), postorbital breadth (PB), maxillary toothrow length (C-M), mandibular toothrow length (c-m), lower molar series length (lm), width across upper molars (M-M), width across upper canines (C-C), length of mandible (LMA), forearm length (FA), length of the first phalanx of the third digit (1P3) and length of the second phalanx of the third digit (2P3).We measured a total of 38 specimens of C. doriae, C. salvini, C. villosum, and C. trinitatum for comparison.Measurements of the holotype of C. trinitatum were obtained from Goodwin (1958).The measured specimens are deposited in the MZUSP and Museo de la Salle, Bogotá (MLS) collections.The genus Chiroderma is easily diagnosed by its greatly reduced nasal bones, which form a notch between the two halves of the maxillary and premaxillary bones (Figure 2; Vizotto and Taddei 1973;Straney 1984).Chiroderma trinitatum is readily distinguishable from its congeners by forearm size and length of upper toothrow (Goodwin 1958; Table 1), with no overlap with the larger species (Gardner 2008;Taddei and Lim 2010; Table 1).The upper inner incisors are convergent on their distal third, touching each other near the tip (Figure 2).This feature is similar with the condition found in C. doriae and C. vizottoi and different from the parallel upper inner incisors of C. villosum (Taddei and Lim 2010).A phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data has established a sister-group relation between C. doriae and C. trinitatum (Baker et al. 1994), which suggests that this dental character has a good phylogenetic signal.

C. trinitatum C. doriae C. villosum C. salvini
A total of ten locality records can now be recognized for C. trinitatum in Brazil (Figure 1).Apart from the eight localities previously assigned in the literature, and the new record for Rondônia, an additional record for the state of Pará is registered here.Detailed information about these localities is provided in Table 2.The selected external and craniodental measurements for the specimen MZUSP 35026 fell between the expected values for C. trinitatum and there was no overlap with the same measurements for the larger species of Chiroderma (Table 1).
The record of C. trinitatum from Rondônia, though expected, fills a distribution gap for the species in Brazil.Nevertheless, the known Brazilian records are widely spaced from one another, and in two additional states in the Amazônia Legal Brasileira (Roraima and Maranhão) the species has not been recorded yet (Bernard et al. 2011).

Table 1 .
Goodwin (1958)ernal and craniodental measurements (in mm) of adult specimens of Chiroderma doriae from Brazil, C. salvini from Colombia, C. trinitatum from Trinidad, Venezuela, and Brazil, and C. villosum from Venezuela and Brazil.Average and range values are presented when more than one specimen is available for each sex.See text for character acronyms.*Valuestaken fromGoodwin (1958).

Table 2 .
Brazilian records of Chiroderma trinitatum.The records are plotted on the map of Figure 1.