Sturaro , 2008 : First record for the state of Acre , southwestern Amazonia , Brazil

We record for the first time the presence of Chiasmocleis avilapiresae in the state of Acre, Brazil. This microhylid frog is found throughout Amazon in Brazil and no information about its distribution in the Acre state was reported previously. An increase on sampling efforts, revision of material housed in herpetological collections, and use of diverse herpetofauna sampling methods might reveal additional localities and more information about this species.

Chiasmocleis avilapiresae is commonly misidentified as C. bassleri Dunn, 1949, C. shudikarensis and C. ventrimaculata (Peloso and Sturaro 2008).However, C. avilapiresae can be promptly distinguished from C. bassleri and C. ventrimaculata by the presence of extensive toe webbing in males (Figure 1D) (webbing, absent or basal in males C. bassleri and C. ventrimaculata).From C. shudikarensis C. avilapiresae is distinguished by its bigger size, more robust body and by the absence of an inguinal spot (inguinal spot present in C. shudikarensis).For detailed comparisons among C. avilapiresae and other Chiasmocleis species refer to Peloso and Sturaro (2008).
The genus Chiasmocleis includes 25 species distributed from Panama through most of tropical South America, north and east of the Andes (Frost 2010).Several of the species in the genus have been recently described: C. gnoma Canedo, Dixo and Pombal, 2004;C. magnova Moravec and Köhler, 2007;C. mantiqueira Cruz, Feio and Cassini 2007;C. sapiranga Cruz, Caramaschi and Napoli, 2007;C. avilapiresae Peloso and Sturaro, 2008;C. devriesi Funk and Cannatella, 2009;and C. supercilialbus Morales and McDiarmid, 2009.For many of the known species data on geographic distribution and behavior is scarce.Chiasmocleis avilapiresae (Figure 1) has a wide distribution on the Amazon basin, south of the Amazon river, but records are limited to localities in the states of Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia (Peloso and Sturaro 2008;Peloso 2009).
On 04 June 2010, one of us (PRMS) found a specimen of C. avilapiresae during a herpetofaunal survey in a forest fragment in eastern state of Acre (09°53'45.1"S, 67°18'14.8"W, elevation 148 m), in the municipality of Senador Guiomard.The collected specimen (Figure 1A  and B) is housed in the herpetological collection of the Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC-4651).The specimen was on leaf-litter near to small stream during the night.
The herpetofauna of Acre is very diverse with over 100 species (Souza 2009).However little information is available for microhylids, including Chiasmocleis, known from four species: C. avilapiresae (Figure 2; this study), C. bassleri, C. shudikarensis Dunn, 1949 andC. ventrimaculata (Andersson, 1945) (Souza, 2009).Unfortunately, to this point, no method have been employed to focus on the sampling of leaf-litter frogs (e.g.pit fall traps with drift fences [Cechin and Martins 2000]) in Acre.The use of additional sampling methods and review of the material housed at the Coleção Herpetológica da Universidade Federal do Acre might reveal novel data on herpetofauna.
Abstract: We record for the first time the presence of Chiasmocleis avilapiresae in the state of Acre, Brazil.This microhylid frog is found throughout Amazon in Brazil and no information about its distribution in the Acre state was reported previously.An increase on sampling efforts, revision of material housed in herpetological collections, and use of diverse herpetofauna sampling methods might reveal additional localities and more information about this species.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Chiasmocleis avilapiresae.(A) Dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) posterior views of a specimen from the state of Acre (UFAC 4651).(D) Drawing of the plantar view of the foot of a male specimen from Aripuanã, Mato Grosso, Brazil (MNRJ 44240), bar = 5mm.Photos A, B and C by P.R. Melo-Sampaio; D by P. L. V. Peloso.
for the state of Acre, southwestern Amazonia, Brazil Check List| Volume 6 | Issue 4 | 2010