Lynch , 1991 ) : First record for Venezuela , new altitudinal record , and distribution map

Figure 1. Lateral view of an adult male of Centrolene daidaleum from the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela (Photo: F.J.M. Rojas-Runjaic). The glassfrog Centrolene daidaleum (Figures 1 and 2) was originally described as Cochranella daidalea and assigned to the Cochranella granulosa species-group by showing pale green bones in life, white parietal and visceral peritonea, granular dorsal skin, and external crenulated skinfolds on forelimbs and hindlimbs (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch 1991). New molecular data by Guayasamin et al. (2009) led to the reassignment of this species to the genus Centrolene. This reassignment is also supported by eight of the nine morphological diagnostic characters of the recently redefined genus Centrolene. The lack of humeral spines in adult males of C. daidaleum (and C. savagei) is the principal exception from the generic diagnosis. Centrolene daidaleum is considered endemic to the Cordillera Oriental of the Colombian Andes, and known only from eight localities between 1,600 and 2,060 m (Figure 3). The type-locality of the species is: Granja Infantil del Padre Luna, Vereda Las Marías, municipio de Albán, departamento de Cundinamarca, western slope of the Andean Cordillera Oriental, Colombia, at 2,060 m (Figure Abstract: The glassfrog Centrolene daidaleum is considered endemic to the Cordillera Oriental of the Colombian Andes, and is known only from eight localities between 1,600 and 2,060 m, on the western slope of this mountain system. Herein we report the first record of this species from Venezuela based on specimens coming from the Sierra de Perijá, Zulia state. The species’ altitudinal range is extended, and some ecological information is provided. 1 Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. Apartado Postal 1930. Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela. 2 Universidad del Zulia, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Museo de Biología de La Universidad del Zulia. Apartado Postal 526. Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela. * Corresponding author. E-mail: rojas_runjaic@yahoo.com Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic 1*, Edwin E. Infante-Rivero 2, J. Celsa Señaris 1 and Pedro Cabello 1 Amphibia, Anura, Centrolenidae, Centrolene daidaleum (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991): First record for Venezuela, new altitudinal record, and distribution map


Notes o N GeoGraphic DistributioN
Figure 1.Lateral view of an adult male of Centrolene daidaleum from the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela (Photo: F.J.M. Rojas-Runjaic).
The glassfrog Centrolene daidaleum (Figures 1 and  2) was originally described as Cochranella daidalea and assigned to the Cochranella granulosa species-group by showing pale green bones in life, white parietal and visceral peritonea, granular dorsal skin, and external crenulated skinfolds on forelimbs and hindlimbs (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch 1991).New molecular data by Guayasamin et al. (2009) led to the reassignment of this species to the genus Centrolene.This reassignment is also supported by eight of the nine morphological diagnostic characters of the recently redefined genus Centrolene.The lack of humeral spines in adult males of C. daidaleum (and C. savagei) is the principal exception from the generic diagnosis.
Centrolene daidaleum is considered endemic to the Cordillera Oriental of the Colombian Andes, and known only from eight localities between 1,600 and 2,060 m (Figure 3).The type-locality of the species is: Granja Infantil del Padre Luna, Vereda Las Marías, municipio de Albán, departamento de Cundinamarca, western slope of the Andean Cordillera Oriental, Colombia, at 2,060 m (Figure

Abstract:
The glassfrog Centrolene daidaleum is considered endemic to the Cordillera Oriental of the Colombian Andes, and is known only from eight localities between 1,600 and 2,060 m, on the western slope of this mountain system.Herein we report the first record of this species from Venezuela based on specimens coming from the Sierra de Perijá, Zulia state.The species' altitudinal range is extended, and some ecological information is provided.#01-03- 03-1146 (period 2005-2006), #01-03- 03-3649 (period 2006-2007), #4100 (period 2007-2008), and #4750 (period 2008-2009) were issued by Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Ambiente of Venezuela.Expeditions to Río Negro and Río Tokuko basins (Parque Nacional Sierra de Perijá) were benefited with permit of the Venezuelan Instituto Nacional de Parques (PAA-215-2008) issued to Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic.
Besides the collected specimens of Centrolene daidaleum, numerous individuals were observed and heard in the creeks and rivers sampled.Highest abundance was detected at Manastara, with 31 individuals detected in a 100-m transect along the main river course; being the most abundant amphibian species at the locality.In the creek near base camp of Cerro Las Antenas, eight specimens were detected in an 80-m transect, being the third most abundant amphibian species.However, at two localities with highest altitude in Perijá (Campamento Guacharaca and creek near last antenna in Cerro Las Antenas), C. daidaleum was scarce (four and two specimens respectively), and the less abundant amphibian species.In all localities (except Quebrada El Gocho) Centrolene daidaleum was sympatric with other glassfrogs species; with Hyalinobatrachium sp. at Cerro Las Antenas; with Espadarana andina (Rivero, 1968) and Hyalinobatrachium sp. at Manastara valley; and with Hyalinobatrachium sp. and "Centrolene" sp. at Río Tétari Kopejoacha.
Centrolene daidaleum has been recorded in Colombia from streams in premontane forest, cloud forest, and even secondary forest on the western slope of Cordillera Oriental (Ardila-Robayo and Rueda 2004).The five new Venezuelan localities are also in premontane, montane and cloud forests.Almost all small rivers were surrounded by primary forest, with high humidity, abundant ferns, and Heliconiaceae, Araceae and Cyclanthaceae plants on the sides (Figure 4).Frogs were frequently calling and nesting on ferns above the water.At Manastara, frogs were found on shrubs and coffee plants (Coffea arabica) along the main course of the river, in secondary forest associated to shaded coffee plantations.Manastara was the only locality where Centrolene daidaleum was the dominant amphibian species, suggesting that C. daidaleum may proliferate in disturbed environments.
While Centrolenid glassfrogs are usually restricted to relatively small distributional areas, Centrolene daidaleum exhibits an unusually large distribution (685 km between the northernmost and southernmost localities).Venezuelan and Colombian populations of C. daidaleum are indistinguishable (based on description by Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch 1991), but further studies (including calls and molecular data) may be required in order to discard the possibility of cryptic lineages within C. daidaleum.Furthermore, the occurrence of Espadarana andina in Venezuelan Sierra de Perijá (another glassfrog widely distributed on Cordillera Oriental of Colombia and Cordillera de Mérida of Venezuela; La Marca et al. 2004;Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2005), suggests the possibility of future findings of other Colombian glassfrog species in the Venezuelan Sierra de Perijá.
Centrolene daidaleum was classified as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, because its extent of occurrence was less than 20,000 km 2 , its distribution was reported as severely fragmented, and there was a continuous decline in the extent and quality of its habitat in Colombia (Ardila-Robayo and Rueda 2004).

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Ventral view of an adult male of Centrolene daidaleum from the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela (Photo: P. Velozo).3; Ruíz-Carranza and Lynch 1991).The original description reported four additional localities at departamento de Santander (Colombia), between 1,630 and 1,750 m (Río Cañaverales, Cerro El Rayo, and Río Guillermo in municipio de Charalá; and Vereda Caragua, 4 to 5 km towards Tona, municipio de Tona).Daza and Barrientos (2005) reported Centrolene daidaleum from departamento del Cesar, Colombia (municipio de González, Vereda San Cayetano, 1600 m); Rada et al. (2007) recorded four adult males and described the tadpoles of this species, at departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia (municipio de La Playa de Belén, Vereda Piritama, Quebrada Piritama, 1,800 m), and recently Rada and Guayasamin (2008) reported it from departamento de Boyacá, Colombia (municipio de Moniquirá, Vereda El Ajizal, 2,050 m).Herein, we report the first records of this species from Venezuela.Specimens were collected at five localities during several surveys of the inventory of amphibian and reptiles of Perijá, conducted by Museo de Historia Natural La Salle (MHNLS), and Museo de Biología de La Universidad del Zulia (MBLUZ), from 2006 to 2009.Collecting permits