Amphibia , Anura , Cycloramphidae , Proceratophrys bigibbosa ( Peters , 1872 ) and Proceratophrys brauni Kwet and Faivovich , 2001 : Distribution extension and new state record

Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 includes 18 species of cycloramphids (Frost 2009) commonly known as the smooth horned frogs (Frank and Ramus 1995). As indicated by the group’s common name, the eyelids of many species are adorned with elongate dermal appendages (for review see Prado and Pombal 2008). Several other species of Proceratophrys lack conspicuous palpebral appendages, including the type species P. bigibbosa (Peters 1872) and P. brauni Kwet and Faivovich 2001. These species are included in the P. bigibbosa species group, which was characterized by Lynch (1971) as lacking hornlike palpebral appendages and having a short, blunt snout, postocular cranial protuberances, and large marginal tubercles on eyelids.

Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 includes 18 species of cycloramphids (Frost 2009) commonly known as the smooth horned frogs (Frank and Ramus 1995).As indicated by the group's common name, the eyelids of many species are adorned with elongate dermal appendages (for review see Prado and Pombal 2008).Several other species of Proceratophrys lack conspicuous palpebral appendages, including the type species P. bigibbosa (Peters 1872) and P. brauni Kwet and Faivovich 2001.These species are included in the P. bigibbosa species group, which was characterized by Lynch (1971) as lacking hornlike palpebral appendages and having a short, blunt snout, postocular cranial protuberances, and large marginal tubercles on eyelids.
Proceratophrys brauni differs from P. bigibbosa in smaller body size, less extensive toe webbing, rows of tubercles more distinctive on the dorsum, weaker postocular cranial protuberances, and in characteristics of the advertisement call (e.g.shorter call duration and number of pulses in P. brauni) (Kwet and Faivovich 2001).Males of both species call from streamlets of clear, flowing water, but P. bigibbosa breeds in the spring (September to November) and calls mainly at night (occasionally during the day), whereas P. brauni breeds in the summer (November to February) and calls as much during the day as at night (Kwet and Di-Bernardo 1999;Kwet and Faivovich 2001).Eggs and tadpoles are unknown.(Kwet and Di-Bernardo 1999) To date Proceratoprhys bigibbosa and P. brauni have been recorded at few localities (Figure 1).The species inhabit montane regions with subtropical moist forest, from 300 to 1200 m elevation (Kwet and Di-Bernardo 1999;Kwet and Faivovich 2001).
Proceratoprhys bigibbosa was previously reported from southeastern Brazil, in state of Rio Grande do Sul, municipalities of Arroio do Tigre, Canela, Nova Petrópolis, São Francisco de Paula, Sertão, and Sinimbú, and in state of Santa Catarina, municipalities of Chapecó and Guatambu.It was also recorded from northeastern Argentina, province of Misiones, municipality of Dos de Mayo and Parque Provincial Moconá (Braun 1973;Braun and Braun 1980;Kwet and Di-Bernardo 1999;Kwet and Faivovich 2001;Lavilla et al. 2002;Zanella and Busin 2007;Kwet 2008;Lucas and Fortes 2008).
Proceratophrys brauni is endemic to southern Brazil and has only been reported from states of Rio Grande do Sul (municipalities of Barracão, Cambará do Sul, and São Francisco de Paula) and Santa Catarina (municipality of Timbé do Sul) (Braun and Braun, 1980;Kwet and Faivovich 2001) (Zanella and Busin 2007), but our new records expand the distribution of P. bigibbosa 70 km further southeast and of P. brauni 260 km further north.Based on these limited locality data, we suggest that P. bigibbosa has a more southern distribution, ranging across the southern part of the south Brazilian highlands and adjacent Argentina, and that P. brauni has a more northern distribution, occurring in the northern part of the south Brazilian highlands and probably extending into Santa Catarina.Kwet and Faivovich (2001) reported Proceratophrys bigibbosa and P. brauni in sympatry at a locality in Rio Grande do Sul, and here we report sympatry of these species at another three localities in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states (Bom Jesus, Anita Garibaldi and Campo Belo do Sul) (Table 1).Detailed collection information was available for four individuals.For P. bigibbosa: UFRGS 2778, Anita Garibaldi (locality 7 in Figure 1), collected at the edge of a rocky stream in an open area near the forest edge; MCP 9718, Aratinga (locality 6), collected at the edge of a rocky stream inside the forest; UFRGS 3572, Nonoai (locality 4), collected at the edge of a muddy stream inside the forest.For P. brauni: UFRGS 2571, Bom Jesus (locality 1), found calling in shallow temporary stream covered by dense vegetation (shrubs and grasses) outside the forest near its edge.
Based on available data, Kwet and Di-Bernardo (1999) and Kwet and Faivovich (2001) reported a breeding season from September-November for P. bigibbosa, but the new material includes calling males collected in June and July at localities 5 and 4, respectively.Similarly, those authors reported a breeding season of November-February for P. brauni, but herein a calling male of this species was also collected in September at locality 1.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Collection localities of Proceratophrys bigibbosa and P. brauni in northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil.All new records are numbered 1-9 and are detailed in Table 1.References for published records are given in the text.Solid circles: new records of P. bigibbosa in isolation.Solid squares: new records of P. brauni in isolation.Solid star: new records of P. bigibbosa and P. braun in sympatry.Open circles: published records of P. bigibbosa in isolation.Open squares: published records of P. brauni in isolation.Open star: published record of P. bigibbosa and P. brauni in sympatry.
. Here we report new records that expand the distribution for both species based on material housed in the Coleção Herpetológica do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (MCP), and Coleção Herpetológica, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).As summarized in Table 1, we examined specimens of Proceratophrys bigibbosa from five new localities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and two in state of Santa Catarina.We also examined new material of P. brauni from two new localities in Rio Grande do Sul, two in Santa Catarina, and one in Paraná.These new records include the first record of P. brauni in state of Paraná.The intermediate localities near published records were expected

Table 1 .
-New records of Proceratophrys bigibbosa and P. brauni for Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC) and Paraná (PR) states, Brazil.Localities are numbered as in Figure 1.MCP: material housed in Coleção Herpetológica do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; UFRGS: material housed in the Coleção Herpetológica, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.