Amphibia, Anura, Limnomedusa macroglossa , Dendropsophus anceps , D. berthalutzae , D. seniculus , Scinax littoralis : new state records, distribution extension and filling gaps

Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Rua Cristovao Colombo 2265, CEP 15054-000, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil

Brazil is the world leader in amphibian diversity, with 841 species (SBH 2008). However our knowledge about amphibians in Brazil is still incipient, and constantly new records of geographic distribution and description of new species are very common, even in the state of São Paulo where the amphibian fauna is historically better known (Araújo et al. 2007a;b;Brasileiro et al. 2007a;b;Thomé et al. 2007;Prado et al. 2008).
The anuran richness of state of Paraná comprises approximately 120 species of amphibians, 25 listed in some degree of threat, of which three are critically endangered, one endangered, and 21 data deficient . The majority of our knowledge of anurans from Paraná is from some geographic distribution notes, description of new species and a few regional surveys, remaining gaps in the geographic distribution for many species (Silva et al. 2006).
It is not surprising that there are estimates that around 10% of the anuran fauna of state of Paraná is still not described (Segalla and Langone 2004).
Ecological studies and surveys of anurans in state of Paraná are concentrated in the north, at municipality of Londrina and surroundings (Bernarde and Anjos 1999;Machado et al. 1999;Bernarde and Machado 2000), along the basin of Tibagi (Machado and Bernarde 2003), and at the southeastern portion (Lingnau et al. 2004;Conte and Machado 2005;Conte and Rossa-Feres 2006;2007;Lingnau and Bastos 2007).
Our objective herein is to increase the knowledge about anurans of Paraná and Santa Catarina states, providing records of three species previously unknown in the State of Paraná, and increasing the geographic distribution of other two species with records from new localities in Paraná and Santa Catarina. Limnomedusa macroglossa (Duméril and Bibron, 1841): occurs in Argentina and Uruguay, and in all states of south Brazil. Its distribution in the state of Paraná, Brazil, appears to be associated with the median and final portions of Iguaçu River (Segalla and Langone 2004). This species is critically endangered in Paraná, because the only known populations in Paraná, at Guarani and Jordão River disappeared due to the construction of dams of the hydroelectric from Salto Caxias and Segredo (Segalla and Langone 2004). Furthermore, this species is also under "some threat" in Uruguay ("preocupación menor" according to Maneyro and Langone 2001). Currently, the main threat to this species in Paraná is the construction of more dams in the Jordão River, leading to extinction possible unknown populations.

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On 24 February 2006 between 20:00 h and 21:00 h, a male L. macroglossa ( Figure 1) was observed vocalizing under a stone in front of a temporary puddle on right margin of Iguaçu river (25°37'38.7" S, 54°28'51.9" W). This is the third record of L. macroglossa in state of Paraná, and increases the geographic distribution in approximately 189 km towards western Paraná ( Figure 2). Since this was the first record of L. macroglossa in the Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, the specimen was captured only for a photograph and on the next day released on the same place where it was collected. Certainly this species is present in more localities in the park, and more surveys will reveal more populations along the park.  Kunz et al. (2007) there are 11 specimens of this species deposited in the herpetological collection of the Ecology and Zoology Department (ECZ) at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), all collected in Santa Catarina, without more details like the municipalities where specimens were collected.
The conservation status of populations of L. macroglossa in Santa Catarina is unknown (IUCN et al. 2008), and so every record of new localities in Santa Catarina are very important. To our best knowledge, there is only one published record of L. macroglossa in Santa Catarina, from municipality of Chapecó (Lucas and Fortes 2008). In the adjacent State of Rio Grande do Sul, the species appears to be more common, with various known populations (Braun and Braun 1980). (Lutz, 1929) (Figure 3): According to Frost (2007) this species occurs at lowlands of Paraná through São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, adjacent eastern Minas Gerais, and southeastern Bahia, Brazil. Recently Gomes and Martins (2006) and Rolim et al. (2008) found this species in new localities in the State of São Paulo. This species is critically endangered in Paraná State, and the major threat to the species is the isolation of the only known population, restricted to a 100 m2 pool surrounded by plantations of Pinus sp. and Eucalyptus sp. (Segalla and Langone 2004).

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Dendropsophus berthalutzae (Bokermann, 1962) ( Figure 5): According to Frost (2007) this species is restricted to coastal lowlands from Espírito Santo to São Paulo, and Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil. In a brief account on the species, Izecksohn and Carvalho-e-Silva (2001) mentioned that it occurs on coast of south and southeastern Brazil. But these authors did not cite more details about the distribution, and we do not know where in south Brazil the species occurs. This new records extend the distribution in approximately 300 km from Santos, the nearest known locality (Figure 6 , 4-Rio de Janeiro, 5-São Mateus, 6-Linhares, 7-Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, 8-Porto Seguro. 1-present study, 2-Bertoluci (1998), 3-Heyer et al. (1990), 4-Izecksohn and Carvalho-e-Silva (2001), 5 and 6-Bokermann (1966), 7-Feio et al. (1988), 8-Pimenta and Silvano (2001. (Pombal and Gordo, 1991) (Figures 9 and 10): assigned to the Scinax catharinae group, it was described from a population from Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, in state of São Paulo, the only known locality of this species. (Pombal and Gordo 1991;Frost 2007).  Eighteen calling males were found on 16 January 2007, on marginal vegetation of a temporary puddle. This is a first record for the state of Paraná and first record out of type-locality. These records extend the known range of the species approximately 154 km south from municipality of Iguape (Figure 10), São Paulo, as reported Pombal and Gordo (1991). The voucher specimens are housed at the herpetological collection of Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia (MHNCI 6513 to 6518) and the collection of Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP 137947 and 137948).

Scinax littoralis
Amphibian research in Paraná is very incipient, there are few surveys, which in turn increase the relevance of our records, although possible new records would be found at other localities. Although some authors say that state of Paraná would have around 120 amphibian species , no complete species list is presented, and since them new species were described (Alves et al. 2006;Toledo et al. 2007;Langone et al. 2008). Investments in surveys at more localities with different survey methods would possibly increase the number of new records in the State of Paraná.